Anthro lab: Quit #1

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True or false? Evolution occurs at the level of the individual.

False

True or false? Evolution occurs in a single generation.

False

Which subfield of biological anthropology applies methods of skeletal analysis to study humans in a legal context?

Forensic anthro

bioanthro subfields

Forensic, primatology, paleoanthro, human bio

Meiosis occurs in which type of cell?

Gamate cell (sex cells)

The founder effect is a specific type of

Genetic drift

In the context of the scientific method, what is the hypothesis? How is it different from a scientific theory?

Hypothesis is a testable explanation of observations, scientific theory is an explanation that has already been repeatedly tested.

During which stage of the scientific method is the hypothesis evaluated?

Interpretation

Name two pea plant traits studied by Gregor Mendel.

Size, color, position, height, shape

Which of the following is a polygenic trait in humans?

Skin color

Mitosis occurs in which type of cell

Somatic cells

Pedigree

Square=male Circle= female Shaded = has the trait

A pea plant with the dominant phenotype for tallness would have which of the following genotypes?

TT or Tt

Why would a pea plant that is heterozygous for the tallness trait have the dominant phenotype?

Tallness is dominant

Meiosis

The process of cell division that takes place to make gametes is called meiosis. It involves two cell divisions, and it results in four daughter cells that have half the genetic information of the original cell.

Genotype

The specific allele an organism has for a trait

What is anthro?

The study of people

Following the rules of complementary base pairing, which of these DNA bases could successfully bond with adenine?

Thymine

Which of the following is not a key component of natural selection?

Traits for strength and vitallity

True or false? Evolution occurs in traits.

True

Following the rules of complementary base pairing, which of these RNA bases could successfully bond with adenine?

Uracil

Scientific method

a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses

What do the two members of a homologous chromosome pair have in common?

have similar size, centromere position, and type of genetic information.

What is the biocultural approach in biological anthropology?

is an approach that recognizes that human biology and culture are closely intertwined and need to be examined and understood simultaneously.

The genetic information that moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell during protein synthesis is called

mRNA

Which of the following cell parts produces energy for the cell and has its own DNA?

mitochondria

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does p stand for?

p is the frequency of dominant alleles for the trait

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does q stand for?

q is the frequency of recessive alleles for the trait.

Basic parts of a cell

the nucleus, the mitochondria, the cytoplasm, and the cell membrane

Phenotype

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

During protein synthesis, the amino acids are transported by

trna

List two of the seven key conditions necessary for a trait to be in equilibrium.

1. No mutation is occurring. 2. No natural selection is occurring. 3. No gene flow is occurring. 4. The population is infinitely large. 5. Mating within the population is random. 6. All members of the population mate. 7. All members of the population produce the same number of offspring.

In the ABO blood system, what is/are the possible genotypes for a person who has the O blood type?

A person can be OO, with the O allele inherited from both parents.

What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?

A prokaryote has a cell without a nucleus and made with a single cell while a eukaryote is made of many cells and has a nuclei

In the ABO blood system, what is/are the possible genotypes for a person who has the A blood type?

AA, AO

Complimentary base pairs

Adenine-thymine, Guanine-Cytosine

Variations of the same gene are called

Alleles

Which field of anthropology uses a wide range of data about living and past organisms to study human evolution?

Biological anthro

Mitosis

Cell division that takes place in somatic cells and

How do we measure and define evolution?

Change in allele frequency

What are the 2 fundamental ideas used in Anthro?

Context / comparative approach

Which field of anthropology studies the practices, beliefs, economics, politics, and gender roles of living people?

Cultural anthro

What is the difference between a Mendelian trait and a polygenic trait?

Mendelian are determined by alleles at one genetic locus, whereas polygenic traits are determined by alleles at more than one genetic locus.

The only source of entirely new genetic material is

Mutation

Are scientific theories absolute truths? Why or why not?

No

Are scientific theories guesses? Why or why not?

No bc they are tested repreatedly

Hardy-Weinberg equation

P^2+2pq+q^2=1

Which subfield of biological anthropology uses the fossil record to examine the anatomy and behavior of our relatives in the past?

Paleoanthropologists

4 subfields

cultural, linguistics, archeaology, biological

A pea plant with the recessive phenotype for tallness would have which of the following genotypes?

tt


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