Anthro lab: Quit #1
True or false? Evolution occurs at the level of the individual.
False
True or false? Evolution occurs in a single generation.
False
Which subfield of biological anthropology applies methods of skeletal analysis to study humans in a legal context?
Forensic anthro
bioanthro subfields
Forensic, primatology, paleoanthro, human bio
Meiosis occurs in which type of cell?
Gamate cell (sex cells)
The founder effect is a specific type of
Genetic drift
In the context of the scientific method, what is the hypothesis? How is it different from a scientific theory?
Hypothesis is a testable explanation of observations, scientific theory is an explanation that has already been repeatedly tested.
During which stage of the scientific method is the hypothesis evaluated?
Interpretation
Name two pea plant traits studied by Gregor Mendel.
Size, color, position, height, shape
Which of the following is a polygenic trait in humans?
Skin color
Mitosis occurs in which type of cell
Somatic cells
Pedigree
Square=male Circle= female Shaded = has the trait
A pea plant with the dominant phenotype for tallness would have which of the following genotypes?
TT or Tt
Why would a pea plant that is heterozygous for the tallness trait have the dominant phenotype?
Tallness is dominant
Meiosis
The process of cell division that takes place to make gametes is called meiosis. It involves two cell divisions, and it results in four daughter cells that have half the genetic information of the original cell.
Genotype
The specific allele an organism has for a trait
What is anthro?
The study of people
Following the rules of complementary base pairing, which of these DNA bases could successfully bond with adenine?
Thymine
Which of the following is not a key component of natural selection?
Traits for strength and vitallity
True or false? Evolution occurs in traits.
True
Following the rules of complementary base pairing, which of these RNA bases could successfully bond with adenine?
Uracil
Scientific method
a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
What do the two members of a homologous chromosome pair have in common?
have similar size, centromere position, and type of genetic information.
What is the biocultural approach in biological anthropology?
is an approach that recognizes that human biology and culture are closely intertwined and need to be examined and understood simultaneously.
The genetic information that moves from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell during protein synthesis is called
mRNA
Which of the following cell parts produces energy for the cell and has its own DNA?
mitochondria
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does p stand for?
p is the frequency of dominant alleles for the trait
In the Hardy-Weinberg equation, what does q stand for?
q is the frequency of recessive alleles for the trait.
Basic parts of a cell
the nucleus, the mitochondria, the cytoplasm, and the cell membrane
Phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
During protein synthesis, the amino acids are transported by
trna
List two of the seven key conditions necessary for a trait to be in equilibrium.
1. No mutation is occurring. 2. No natural selection is occurring. 3. No gene flow is occurring. 4. The population is infinitely large. 5. Mating within the population is random. 6. All members of the population mate. 7. All members of the population produce the same number of offspring.
In the ABO blood system, what is/are the possible genotypes for a person who has the O blood type?
A person can be OO, with the O allele inherited from both parents.
What is the difference between a prokaryote and a eukaryote?
A prokaryote has a cell without a nucleus and made with a single cell while a eukaryote is made of many cells and has a nuclei
In the ABO blood system, what is/are the possible genotypes for a person who has the A blood type?
AA, AO
Complimentary base pairs
Adenine-thymine, Guanine-Cytosine
Variations of the same gene are called
Alleles
Which field of anthropology uses a wide range of data about living and past organisms to study human evolution?
Biological anthro
Mitosis
Cell division that takes place in somatic cells and
How do we measure and define evolution?
Change in allele frequency
What are the 2 fundamental ideas used in Anthro?
Context / comparative approach
Which field of anthropology studies the practices, beliefs, economics, politics, and gender roles of living people?
Cultural anthro
What is the difference between a Mendelian trait and a polygenic trait?
Mendelian are determined by alleles at one genetic locus, whereas polygenic traits are determined by alleles at more than one genetic locus.
The only source of entirely new genetic material is
Mutation
Are scientific theories absolute truths? Why or why not?
No
Are scientific theories guesses? Why or why not?
No bc they are tested repreatedly
Hardy-Weinberg equation
P^2+2pq+q^2=1
Which subfield of biological anthropology uses the fossil record to examine the anatomy and behavior of our relatives in the past?
Paleoanthropologists
4 subfields
cultural, linguistics, archeaology, biological
A pea plant with the recessive phenotype for tallness would have which of the following genotypes?
tt