anthropology final
Based on lecture what percent of US agricultural labor was born in Mexico?
75%
The saying "when the tide is out, the table is set" suggests
A diversity of foods exists on Northwest Coast beaches
Frybread is
A result of US commodity food programs A symbol of love and family Not a healthy food
A CAFO is an efficient model of producing meat, it is based upon
Applying industrial efficiencies to the production of agricultural products
Wearing a cultural symbol such as a Sioux war bonnet headdress as a dance party costume is considered
Appropriation
The maximum population a given area can support is
Carrying capacity
When capital is required for agricultural production, environmental variability in crop productivity (shocks) eventually lead to the _____ of landholdings health by economic elites.
Concentrated ownership
The Mayan Cofradía system converts labor, generosity, and money into
Entitlements
The transfer of objects and services between social actors in a market is
Exchange
Food security related to corn and soy commodities is threatened by biofuel production when the cost of petroleum is low.
False
What mode of production have humans used to meet their needs for over 90% of human evolution?
Foraging
Which mode of production holds reciprocity and sharing in the highest regard, often going as far as punishing those who do not consistently share?
Foraging
Maintaining the fallow period is essential for the sustainability of which system of production?
Horticulture
when I wanted to interview the poorest mothers in lowland Bolivia about their household health and drinking water practices
I had to do the work of poor women and old people to make it possible for them to have time to answer my questions within heir busy work schedule
The Apple- Samsung case addresses a conflict over
Intellectual property and the use of patented technology
Remittances are
International transfer of funds, often to family members A significant contribution to the Mexican economy Leaving the US at a rate of over 20 billion dollars per year
________ is objects that can be exchanged only for certain things
Limited-purpose money
Contemporary foragers in South America tend to
Live along international borders Subsist in environments of rich biodiversity Engage in an extensive subsistence strategy
____ led to the sustainable culture change and improved child nutrition among the Cewa of Malawi.
Male values of child survival
The machines and infrastructure required to produce a widget, is the Marxist example of
Means of production
When female nutritional anthropologists began working with the Ju/'hoansi, or !Kung San of the Kalahari, they discovered that ______ is the major source of dietary calories?
Mongongo nuts
The form of exchange that exists between strangers or adversaries where one attempts to get something for nothing is called
Negative reciprocity
When grandmothers distribute meat in a foraging community
Pregnant and lactating women with the highest caloric demands most always get meat
The USSR model of socialist agriculture
Provided capital investments from the state
Seventy-five percent of the sale price of a shirt produced in China goes to ___________?
The brand and retailer
According to the textbook, subsistence refers to
The social relationships and practices necessary for procuring, producing, and distributing food
Currency is an object used as a medium of exchange
True
The Mayan Cofradia can be considered a prestige economy because it blends economic transactions with civic leadership and Catholic religious authority
True
Why are microcredit loans needed in South Africa's housing market?
Women, over half the population, have not traditionally has access to formal credit yet are interested in home loans. Microcredit allows for home improvement or business expansion. Due to apartheid, the vast majority of housing is uniform and small.
The concept that people have images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it is called
a cultural landscape
linguistics refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as
a pidgin language
something that congenitally stands for something else is known as
a symbol
Food security refers to
access to sufficient nutritious food to be healthy and active
research committed to making social change to improving the lives of marginalized people is
action anthropology
the salvage paradigm emerged in anthropology because
all of the above anthropologist observed that cultures were experiencing genocide, anthropologist assumed that one day knowledge and customs would be lost, anthropologists believed that descriptive methods could preserve at least a representation of indigenous cultures
if an anthropologist is using the ethnographic method, they are likely engaged in
all of the above, participation in a role within a culture, prolonged observation, qualitative research
holism is useful in anthropology because
all of these, if was part of tyros 1871 definition of culture, it conveys the idea that culture is highly complex, although it is impossible to truly achieve it encourages anthropologist to investigate layers of socially constructed meaning
The major goal of "development" is
alleviating poverty
according to lecture, the holistic and scientific study of humanity is
anthropology
When you are consuming an object, the process of taking possession of it is called
appropriation
ajami uses ___________script to produce texts
arabic phonetic
the field of anthropology which aims to understand past cultures based upon the interpretation of material remains is
archaeology
according to westby, the ability to read a phonetic written language signifies what type of literacy?
basic literacy
the subfield of anthropology that would typically study human population genetics is
biological anthropology
in linguistic anthropology IPA refers to
charts of the international phonetic alphabet identifying articulatory features of all sounds used in language
Financial globalization has allowed for
corporations to move factories from one country to another
of the human adaptive modalities discussed in lecture, which is the most rapid and plastic
cultural
the textbooks discussion of breakfast cereal
developed a detailed understanding of the historical origins tied to American values and customs regarding nutrition and sexuality
the application of anthropological knowledge research methods to the practical aspects of shaping and implementing development projects is
development anthropology.
nonhuman primates cannot communicate vocally about absent or nonexistent objects or past or future events. based on this, their call systems lack the linguistic design feature of
displacement
assuming that ones own way of doing things is correct and rapidly dismissing other peoples assumptions as wrong or ignorant is
ethnocentrism
in anthropology, the detailed description a single society based on fieldwork is called
ethnography
the outsiders new of culture is known as the
etic perspective
According to lecture capitalism is likely based on the fact that if you defer consumption of a grain and instead plant it in the ground and care for it under an agricultural subsistence model it will yield the same number of seeds that you put in.
false
the human terrain system program of the us military in Iraq and Afghanistan, was the first time anthropologist had assisted in international warfare
false
ethnology
focuses on comparison of cultures for theoretical understanding
One of anthropology's insights about the foraging mode of subsistence is that
foraging people have a cultural view of their environments as giving like a mother
when Wilson defines and adopts the term "Nega" in her ethnography she communicates something more than "black', this strategy in ethnography is known as a
gloss
the most important factor in language revitalization is
having a group of people to talk to
Why do foragers turn to agriculture?
increased population density causes too much competition for resources
the knowledge about other people that emerges within the context of a relationship is known as?
intersubjective
systematic conversations with informants to collect data are called__________.
interviews
the /p/ as found in the English word 'pat'
is a phone with bilabial placement
evolution
is a theory anthropologist may use to explain of adaptive change across time
Traditional ecological knowledge is historically ignored by 'Western science' because
it is shared in local languages some species and ecological interactions exist in only a small geographic space Westerners don't value this type of knowledge
Why is Karl Polanyi's distinction between formal and substantive economics important?
it recognizes that economies involve both how people think about value and the actual transactions they engage in
in what way was the story of the Nacirema was typical of ethnographic writing of the day?
it was exotified language
Long distance trade
likely originated when transhumant pastoral populations recognized that resources could be transported in their movements in search of pastures and water.
The exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of bride price in cattle is an example of the use of
limited-purpose money
the Sapir-whorf hypothesis proposes that
linguistic categories structure one's reality
Marx proposed that there are______ constraints on human agency. an example of this is the inheritance of wealth or property.
material
omphaloskepisis refers to___________, and is used to critique the deep reflexivity of some post modern ethnography
navel gazing
The human diet is
omnivorous
the research method in cultural anthropology that relies on personal contact with people on an everyday basis in order to learn about their culture is called
participant observation
The Tiv of Nigeria are said to practice which of the following subsistence strategies?
pastoralism
Analyses that focus on the linkages between political-economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction are typical of which approach?
political ecology
the countries of Indonesia and papua New Guinea have the greatest language diversity because
populations exist in relative isolation due to an island geography and the partitioning of geographies by food subsistence strategies
anthropologist involved in using anthropological methods to inform the design of a new vehicle would be considered
practicing anthropologist
Intensification, a process that increases yields, includes
prepping soil large labor force water management plant modification
The selection on maize varieties over the past 9,000 years has
preserved seeds with increased volume and sugar content. transformed a grass like teosinte plant into what we consider to be corn. created over twenty varieties of maize in the Yucutan with resistance to a variety of environmental fluctuations.
the example from lecture where how close you are expected to stand t others while waiting in line varies between the us and Taiwan is an example of
proxemics
data gathered from personal interviews, observations, and oral histories is
qualitative
the harmonious research relationship and trust an anthropologist builds with research participants is known as
rapport
An example of work that usually fits into the category of the informal sector in Washington state is
sex worker.
applied anthropology by definition focuses upon
solving real world human problems
Which economic theory was proposed by Polanyi to study the culture specific daily transactions that people engage in to get what they need and desire?
substantivism
contemporary ethnographers that provide 'thick description' of culture are valued because they provide
sufficient contextual detail for an understanding of culture
critical cultural relativism asserts...
that power differences between people who accept cultural practices should be used to understand cultures
when Wavy shared the story of her sweater with the class, it demonstrated
that the weave had a symbolic pattern specific to her family and used to identify. the bodies of fisherman lost at sea.
According to anthropologists, economies are shaped by which factors?
the decisions people make social relationships culture and morality
The themes of reciprocity and gift exchange are critical to anthropologists because
they are economically significant in market-based economies the exchange of gifts is the economy in many societies reciprocity is deeply embedded in social relations
when children copy the behavior of their parents..
they are participating in implicit enculturation
in anthropology the use of multiple methodologies and/or individual perspectives to investigate a single topic is
triangulation
A major problem with using foreign labor in agriculture is that they do not have the same legal protections that citizens have.
true
anthropology struggles to balance its identity as an objective scientific endeavor with its identity as a subjective holistic practice
true
participatory action research of PAR, is based on the idea that the subjects of anthropological research can and should do much of their own investigation
true
the primary ethical obligation of a culture anthropologist is to the people they study
true
unstructured interviews encourage informants to talk about what the find particularly meaningful
true
the anthropological theory that proposed that cultures will progress through phases of savagery and barbarism ultimately becoming civilization is
unilineal evolution
symbolic expressions of intrinsically desirable principles defines
values