anthropology final

Based on lecture what percent of US agricultural labor was born in Mexico?

75%

The saying "when the tide is out, the table is set" suggests

A diversity of foods exists on Northwest Coast beaches

Frybread is

A result of US commodity food programs A symbol of love and family Not a healthy food

A CAFO is an efficient model of producing meat, it is based upon

Applying industrial efficiencies to the production of agricultural products

Wearing a cultural symbol such as a Sioux war bonnet headdress as a dance party costume is considered

Appropriation

The maximum population a given area can support is

Carrying capacity

When capital is required for agricultural production, environmental variability in crop productivity (shocks) eventually lead to the _____ of landholdings health by economic elites.

Concentrated ownership

The Mayan Cofradía system converts labor, generosity, and money into

Entitlements

The transfer of objects and services between social actors in a market is

Exchange

Food security related to corn and soy commodities is threatened by biofuel production when the cost of petroleum is low.

False

What mode of production have humans used to meet their needs for over 90% of human evolution?

Foraging

Which mode of production holds reciprocity and sharing in the highest regard, often going as far as punishing those who do not consistently share?

Foraging

Maintaining the fallow period is essential for the sustainability of which system of production?

Horticulture

when I wanted to interview the poorest mothers in lowland Bolivia about their household health and drinking water practices

I had to do the work of poor women and old people to make it possible for them to have time to answer my questions within heir busy work schedule

The Apple- Samsung case addresses a conflict over

Intellectual property and the use of patented technology

Remittances are

International transfer of funds, often to family members A significant contribution to the Mexican economy Leaving the US at a rate of over 20 billion dollars per year

________ is objects that can be exchanged only for certain things

Limited-purpose money

Contemporary foragers in South America tend to

Live along international borders Subsist in environments of rich biodiversity Engage in an extensive subsistence strategy

____ led to the sustainable culture change and improved child nutrition among the Cewa of Malawi.

Male values of child survival

The machines and infrastructure required to produce a widget, is the Marxist example of

Means of production

When female nutritional anthropologists began working with the Ju/'hoansi, or !Kung San of the Kalahari, they discovered that ______ is the major source of dietary calories?

Mongongo nuts

The form of exchange that exists between strangers or adversaries where one attempts to get something for nothing is called

Negative reciprocity

When grandmothers distribute meat in a foraging community

Pregnant and lactating women with the highest caloric demands most always get meat

The USSR model of socialist agriculture

Provided capital investments from the state

Seventy-five percent of the sale price of a shirt produced in China goes to ___________?

The brand and retailer

According to the textbook, subsistence refers to

The social relationships and practices necessary for procuring, producing, and distributing food

Currency is an object used as a medium of exchange

True

The Mayan Cofradia can be considered a prestige economy because it blends economic transactions with civic leadership and Catholic religious authority

True

Why are microcredit loans needed in South Africa's housing market?

Women, over half the population, have not traditionally has access to formal credit yet are interested in home loans. Microcredit allows for home improvement or business expansion. Due to apartheid, the vast majority of housing is uniform and small.

The concept that people have images, knowledge, and concepts of the physical landscape that affect how they will actually interact with it is called

a cultural landscape

linguistics refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

a pidgin language

something that congenitally stands for something else is known as

a symbol

Food security refers to

access to sufficient nutritious food to be healthy and active

research committed to making social change to improving the lives of marginalized people is

action anthropology

the salvage paradigm emerged in anthropology because

all of the above anthropologist observed that cultures were experiencing genocide, anthropologist assumed that one day knowledge and customs would be lost, anthropologists believed that descriptive methods could preserve at least a representation of indigenous cultures

if an anthropologist is using the ethnographic method, they are likely engaged in

all of the above, participation in a role within a culture, prolonged observation, qualitative research

holism is useful in anthropology because

all of these, if was part of tyros 1871 definition of culture, it conveys the idea that culture is highly complex, although it is impossible to truly achieve it encourages anthropologist to investigate layers of socially constructed meaning

The major goal of "development" is

alleviating poverty

according to lecture, the holistic and scientific study of humanity is

anthropology

When you are consuming an object, the process of taking possession of it is called

appropriation

ajami uses ___________script to produce texts

arabic phonetic

the field of anthropology which aims to understand past cultures based upon the interpretation of material remains is

archaeology

according to westby, the ability to read a phonetic written language signifies what type of literacy?

basic literacy

the subfield of anthropology that would typically study human population genetics is

biological anthropology

in linguistic anthropology IPA refers to

charts of the international phonetic alphabet identifying articulatory features of all sounds used in language

Financial globalization has allowed for

corporations to move factories from one country to another

of the human adaptive modalities discussed in lecture, which is the most rapid and plastic

cultural

the textbooks discussion of breakfast cereal

developed a detailed understanding of the historical origins tied to American values and customs regarding nutrition and sexuality

the application of anthropological knowledge research methods to the practical aspects of shaping and implementing development projects is

development anthropology.

nonhuman primates cannot communicate vocally about absent or nonexistent objects or past or future events. based on this, their call systems lack the linguistic design feature of

displacement

assuming that ones own way of doing things is correct and rapidly dismissing other peoples assumptions as wrong or ignorant is

ethnocentrism

in anthropology, the detailed description a single society based on fieldwork is called

ethnography

the outsiders new of culture is known as the

etic perspective

According to lecture capitalism is likely based on the fact that if you defer consumption of a grain and instead plant it in the ground and care for it under an agricultural subsistence model it will yield the same number of seeds that you put in.

false

the human terrain system program of the us military in Iraq and Afghanistan, was the first time anthropologist had assisted in international warfare

false

ethnology

focuses on comparison of cultures for theoretical understanding

One of anthropology's insights about the foraging mode of subsistence is that

foraging people have a cultural view of their environments as giving like a mother

when Wilson defines and adopts the term "Nega" in her ethnography she communicates something more than "black', this strategy in ethnography is known as a

gloss

the most important factor in language revitalization is

having a group of people to talk to

Why do foragers turn to agriculture?

increased population density causes too much competition for resources

the knowledge about other people that emerges within the context of a relationship is known as?

intersubjective

systematic conversations with informants to collect data are called__________.

interviews

the /p/ as found in the English word 'pat'

is a phone with bilabial placement

evolution

is a theory anthropologist may use to explain of adaptive change across time

Traditional ecological knowledge is historically ignored by 'Western science' because

it is shared in local languages some species and ecological interactions exist in only a small geographic space Westerners don't value this type of knowledge

Why is Karl Polanyi's distinction between formal and substantive economics important?

it recognizes that economies involve both how people think about value and the actual transactions they engage in

in what way was the story of the Nacirema was typical of ethnographic writing of the day?

it was exotified language

Long distance trade

likely originated when transhumant pastoral populations recognized that resources could be transported in their movements in search of pastures and water.

The exchange of brass rods for the purchase of cattle or the payment of bride price in cattle is an example of the use of

limited-purpose money

the Sapir-whorf hypothesis proposes that

linguistic categories structure one's reality

Marx proposed that there are______ constraints on human agency. an example of this is the inheritance of wealth or property.

material

omphaloskepisis refers to___________, and is used to critique the deep reflexivity of some post modern ethnography

navel gazing

The human diet is

omnivorous

the research method in cultural anthropology that relies on personal contact with people on an everyday basis in order to learn about their culture is called

participant observation

The Tiv of Nigeria are said to practice which of the following subsistence strategies?

pastoralism

Analyses that focus on the linkages between political-economic power, social inequality, and ecological destruction are typical of which approach?

political ecology

the countries of Indonesia and papua New Guinea have the greatest language diversity because

populations exist in relative isolation due to an island geography and the partitioning of geographies by food subsistence strategies

anthropologist involved in using anthropological methods to inform the design of a new vehicle would be considered

practicing anthropologist

Intensification, a process that increases yields, includes

prepping soil large labor force water management plant modification

The selection on maize varieties over the past 9,000 years has

preserved seeds with increased volume and sugar content. transformed a grass like teosinte plant into what we consider to be corn. created over twenty varieties of maize in the Yucutan with resistance to a variety of environmental fluctuations.

the example from lecture where how close you are expected to stand t others while waiting in line varies between the us and Taiwan is an example of

proxemics

data gathered from personal interviews, observations, and oral histories is

qualitative

the harmonious research relationship and trust an anthropologist builds with research participants is known as

rapport

An example of work that usually fits into the category of the informal sector in Washington state is

sex worker.

applied anthropology by definition focuses upon

solving real world human problems

Which economic theory was proposed by Polanyi to study the culture specific daily transactions that people engage in to get what they need and desire?

substantivism

contemporary ethnographers that provide 'thick description' of culture are valued because they provide

sufficient contextual detail for an understanding of culture

critical cultural relativism asserts...

that power differences between people who accept cultural practices should be used to understand cultures

when Wavy shared the story of her sweater with the class, it demonstrated

that the weave had a symbolic pattern specific to her family and used to identify. the bodies of fisherman lost at sea.

According to anthropologists, economies are shaped by which factors?

the decisions people make social relationships culture and morality

The themes of reciprocity and gift exchange are critical to anthropologists because

they are economically significant in market-based economies the exchange of gifts is the economy in many societies reciprocity is deeply embedded in social relations

when children copy the behavior of their parents..

they are participating in implicit enculturation

in anthropology the use of multiple methodologies and/or individual perspectives to investigate a single topic is

triangulation

A major problem with using foreign labor in agriculture is that they do not have the same legal protections that citizens have.

true

anthropology struggles to balance its identity as an objective scientific endeavor with its identity as a subjective holistic practice

true

participatory action research of PAR, is based on the idea that the subjects of anthropological research can and should do much of their own investigation

true

the primary ethical obligation of a culture anthropologist is to the people they study

true

unstructured interviews encourage informants to talk about what the find particularly meaningful

true

the anthropological theory that proposed that cultures will progress through phases of savagery and barbarism ultimately becoming civilization is

unilineal evolution

symbolic expressions of intrinsically desirable principles defines

values