Anthropology First Exam

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who is responsible for the theory of functionalism?

Bronislaw Malinowski

The process of promoting one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal meas is referred to as

Cultural imperialism

who was responsible for the theory of social evolutionism?

E.B. Tylor

The American anthropoligst responsible for the concept of historical particularism was name

Franz Boas

According to anthropologist Sherry Ortner's analysis, the American flag is an example of

a summarizing symbol

In evolutionary terms, humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because we...?

can speak using a larynx

Words that came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word are called

cognate words

which of the following is the defining methodology of the discipline of anthropology?

fieldwork

which method woul dbe best when doing a study on the genetic propensity for cancer in a given population?

genealogical method

The people anthropologists gather data from are called

informants

The study of grammatical categories, such as tense and word order, is called

morphology

the US government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed most profoundly to

language death

culture is

learned and shared

A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American TV in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Austrailian outback are

learning important lessons about life in America

If you studied sex workers in your city, as Phillippe Bourgois studied crack dealers in New York City, you might find that

maintaining confidentiality is an onging challenge

Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication ..

mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world

"owning" culture

means controlling symbols that give meaning

how words fit together to make meaningful units is called

morphology

the process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are betters uited to the environment is referred to as

natural selection

During colonialism, the perception of non-western ppl as primitive or savage is referred to as the process of

othering

If a development anthropoligst were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, she or he would probably emphasize the

overarching importance of listening to the priorities of the neighbors

this type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants

participant observation

the structuralist approach to culture theorizes which of the following?

people make sense of the world through binary oppositions

Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as

pidgin language

The idea that embraces dynamic culture change processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represents

post-structuralism

the application of a holistic perspective to understand changes in everyday practices, such as eating breakfast cereals, reveals the

processes of cultural appropriation

an important ethical concern for anthropologists is to

protect their informants

the purpose of fieldnotes is to

provide written records of information that anthropologists collects

the applicatication for the comparative method in his research in Papua New Guinea led coauthor Robert Welsch to focus on

published and unpublished accounts of mask collectors who visited different villages

techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing

quantatative data

If you were a linguistic anthropologist interested in language change in smaller American cities, building on William Labov's studies from the 1980s, what method would you use?

record how younger people, middle age people, and senior citizens pronounce ordinary American words.

anthropologists overcome ethnocentricism by

seeing matters from the POV of another culture

A stoplight is a visual example of a

sign

If you wanted to have consistent responses, what kind of interview would you use?

survey interview

the difference between a survey and a structured interview is

survey questions are close-ended; structured interviews are not

Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because

the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture

A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal

the cultural constructions of insects as food

If Benjamin Whorf were trying to find further proof that grammar shapes the way people perceive the world, which of the following would NOT be a focus of his research?

the density of the population in the several communities

A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is

the first are analysts of devleopment, the second seek ways to influence within

Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following

the more open a country is to foreign trade, the better the economy will be

an evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as

the natural abilites of more civilized people to control less civilized people

the primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to

the people or species they study

the controversy between Native Americans and the NCAA schools using mascosts illustrates

the power of tradition

A key feature of financial globalization is

the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote trade

a relativistic perspective on the meanings of Coca-Cola in Tzotil Maya communities in Chiapas, Mexico, would emphasize that

the, thetd Tzotizil are dominated by globalization

an anthropologist might consider doing "anthropolohy at a distance" because

there is conflict or violence in the field site

A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that

they explain the apprent decline of cultural diversity

James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists:

to expand state power

Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned

American Sign Language

A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called?

Creole

What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?

Industrial Revolution

Which of the following is a feature of language?

It consists of sounds organized into words according to some sort of grammar

If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoff's study of gendered speech, you might find that "talking like a lady"

Marginalizes women's voices in the work contexts

Talking about sports as a battlefield is an example of

Metaphor

An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize

a commitment to doing minimal har

a key principle of holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas

a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience

The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

a way of explalining how the world works

The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to

accumulate prestige

Development anthropologists often think of themselves as

advocates of poor and marginalized people

A central technique involved in an informal, open-ended interview is to

allow questions to emerge in the course of the interview

an anthropologist interested in a cultural insider's perspective on that insider's culture is seeking

an emic perspective

Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?

anthropologists need to collect info from societies before they die out

the subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures is called

archaeology

ethical issues facing enthographers include all of the followng except

being open about their research

anthropology is a discipline that relies solely on..

both primary and secondary materials?

a quantitative approach to studying the archaeological past would be most interested in

building and testing hypotheses by collecting, clasifying, and measuring the remains of past cultures

the subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practices is called

cultural anthropology

the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is called

cultural relativism

cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because it

denies the influence of factors like physical environment and biology on humans

the process of learning culture from a very young age is called

enculturation

Which method is an extended conversation that can she light on how social institutions change over time?

ethnohistory

if you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would be most likely to focus on

everyday interactions

The research that anthropologist Karen Tranberg Hansen has done on secondhand clothing in Zambia is interesting because it

highlights how people impose local meanings on objects

the perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in their entirety is called

holism

If Jakob Grimm, who developed what has become Grimm's law, were analyzing the historical relationships among the so-called dialects of Chinese, what data would he be looking for in his linguistic fieldwork?

how the speakers of each dialect pronounce different words with similar meanings in the several dialects

the defining feature of historical particularism is

individiual societies develop particular cultural traists and undergo a unique process of change

Symbol

is something that conventionally stands for something else

How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation?

it is important to understand native american claims from their POV thoufh it doesnt necessarily mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue


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