Anthropology First Exam
who is responsible for the theory of functionalism?
Bronislaw Malinowski
The process of promoting one culture over others, through formal policy or less formal meas is referred to as
Cultural imperialism
who was responsible for the theory of social evolutionism?
E.B. Tylor
The American anthropoligst responsible for the concept of historical particularism was name
Franz Boas
According to anthropologist Sherry Ortner's analysis, the American flag is an example of
a summarizing symbol
In evolutionary terms, humans are distinct from other primates with respect to their ability to use language because we...?
can speak using a larynx
Words that came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word are called
cognate words
which of the following is the defining methodology of the discipline of anthropology?
fieldwork
which method woul dbe best when doing a study on the genetic propensity for cancer in a given population?
genealogical method
The people anthropologists gather data from are called
informants
The study of grammatical categories, such as tense and word order, is called
morphology
the US government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed most profoundly to
language death
culture is
learned and shared
A believer in cultural imperialism would explain that people who watch American TV in remote places like a Walpiri camp in the Austrailian outback are
learning important lessons about life in America
If you studied sex workers in your city, as Phillippe Bourgois studied crack dealers in New York City, you might find that
maintaining confidentiality is an onging challenge
Rapid increases in the scale and amount of communication ..
mean that people in remote places can be in contact with people all over the world
"owning" culture
means controlling symbols that give meaning
how words fit together to make meaningful units is called
morphology
the process by which inheritable traits are passed along to offspring because they are betters uited to the environment is referred to as
natural selection
During colonialism, the perception of non-western ppl as primitive or savage is referred to as the process of
othering
If a development anthropoligst were to get involved in a project in your city that is revitalizing a poor neighborhood, she or he would probably emphasize the
overarching importance of listening to the priorities of the neighbors
this type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants
participant observation
the structuralist approach to culture theorizes which of the following?
people make sense of the world through binary oppositions
Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as
pidgin language
The idea that embraces dynamic culture change processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represents
post-structuralism
the application of a holistic perspective to understand changes in everyday practices, such as eating breakfast cereals, reveals the
processes of cultural appropriation
an important ethical concern for anthropologists is to
protect their informants
the purpose of fieldnotes is to
provide written records of information that anthropologists collects
the applicatication for the comparative method in his research in Papua New Guinea led coauthor Robert Welsch to focus on
published and unpublished accounts of mask collectors who visited different villages
techniques that classify features of a phenomenon and count, measure, and construct statistical models are collecting and analyzing
quantatative data
If you were a linguistic anthropologist interested in language change in smaller American cities, building on William Labov's studies from the 1980s, what method would you use?
record how younger people, middle age people, and senior citizens pronounce ordinary American words.
anthropologists overcome ethnocentricism by
seeing matters from the POV of another culture
A stoplight is a visual example of a
sign
If you wanted to have consistent responses, what kind of interview would you use?
survey interview
the difference between a survey and a structured interview is
survey questions are close-ended; structured interviews are not
Even though anthropologists use parts of the scientific method, some don't see what they do as science because
the complexity of social behavior prevents any completely objective analysis of human culture
A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal
the cultural constructions of insects as food
If Benjamin Whorf were trying to find further proof that grammar shapes the way people perceive the world, which of the following would NOT be a focus of his research?
the density of the population in the several communities
A key difference between anthropologists of development and development anthropologists is
the first are analysts of devleopment, the second seek ways to influence within
Promoters of globalization highlight which of the following
the more open a country is to foreign trade, the better the economy will be
an evolutionary perspective would be most likely to explain colonialism as
the natural abilites of more civilized people to control less civilized people
the primary ethical responsibility of anthropologists is to
the people or species they study
the controversy between Native Americans and the NCAA schools using mascosts illustrates
the power of tradition
A key feature of financial globalization is
the reduction or elimination of tariffs to promote trade
a relativistic perspective on the meanings of Coca-Cola in Tzotil Maya communities in Chiapas, Mexico, would emphasize that
the, thetd Tzotizil are dominated by globalization
an anthropologist might consider doing "anthropolohy at a distance" because
there is conflict or violence in the field site
A central feature of cultural convergence theories is that
they explain the apprent decline of cultural diversity
James Ferguson, who is an anthropologist of development, argues that development exists:
to expand state power
Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned
American Sign Language
A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called?
Creole
What prompted intellectuals to start systematically explaining the differences among people?
Industrial Revolution
Which of the following is a feature of language?
It consists of sounds organized into words according to some sort of grammar
If you studied speech patterns such as those analyzed in Robin Lakoff's study of gendered speech, you might find that "talking like a lady"
Marginalizes women's voices in the work contexts
Talking about sports as a battlefield is an example of
Metaphor
An ethical approach to anthropological research would emphasize
a commitment to doing minimal har
a key principle of holistic perspective developed by Franz Boas
a goal of synthesizing the entire context of human experience
The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as
a way of explalining how the world works
The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to
accumulate prestige
Development anthropologists often think of themselves as
advocates of poor and marginalized people
A central technique involved in an informal, open-ended interview is to
allow questions to emerge in the course of the interview
an anthropologist interested in a cultural insider's perspective on that insider's culture is seeking
an emic perspective
Which of the following is the most significant aspect of the salvage paradigm?
anthropologists need to collect info from societies before they die out
the subfield of anthropology that studies the material remains of past cultures is called
archaeology
ethical issues facing enthographers include all of the followng except
being open about their research
anthropology is a discipline that relies solely on..
both primary and secondary materials?
a quantitative approach to studying the archaeological past would be most interested in
building and testing hypotheses by collecting, clasifying, and measuring the remains of past cultures
the subfield of anthropology that studies human diversity, beliefs, and practices is called
cultural anthropology
the moral and intellectual principle that one should withhold judgement about seemingly strange or exotic beliefs and practices is called
cultural relativism
cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because it
denies the influence of factors like physical environment and biology on humans
the process of learning culture from a very young age is called
enculturation
Which method is an extended conversation that can she light on how social institutions change over time?
ethnohistory
if you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would be most likely to focus on
everyday interactions
The research that anthropologist Karen Tranberg Hansen has done on secondhand clothing in Zambia is interesting because it
highlights how people impose local meanings on objects
the perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in their entirety is called
holism
If Jakob Grimm, who developed what has become Grimm's law, were analyzing the historical relationships among the so-called dialects of Chinese, what data would he be looking for in his linguistic fieldwork?
how the speakers of each dialect pronounce different words with similar meanings in the several dialects
the defining feature of historical particularism is
individiual societies develop particular cultural traists and undergo a unique process of change
Symbol
is something that conventionally stands for something else
How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation?
it is important to understand native american claims from their POV thoufh it doesnt necessarily mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue