anthropology test 1 - chapter 2

all of the above

A cross-cultural perspective on eating insect larvae would reveal

Values

A focus on __________ helps anthropologists understand intrinsically desirable principles held by a group of people.

holistic perspective

A perspective that aims to identify and understand the whole—that is, the systematic connections between individual cultural beliefs and practices—rather than the individual parts.

Functionalism

A perspective that assumes that cultural practices and beliefs serve social purposes in any society.

social sanctions

A reaction or measure intended to enforce norms and punish their violation

something that conventionally and arbitrarily stands for something else.

A symbol is...

Interpretive theory of culture

A theory that culture is embodied and transmitted through symbols.

False

Activities that are biologically based, such as eating and sleeping, are universally the same for all humans

False

All humans are born with some culture.

Interpretive

An __________ approach to culture, such as that promoted by Clifford Geertz, Victor Turner, and Mary Douglas, emphasizes that culture is a shared system of meanings.

cross-cultural perspective

Analyzing a human social phenomenon by comparing that phenomenon in different cultures.

cross-cultural

Anthropologists believe that analyzing human cultural phenomena by comparing those phenomena across different societies, called the approach, is necessary to appreciate how "artificial" our beliefs and actions are

Seeing matters from the point of view of another culture

Anthropologists overcome ethnocentrism by

integrated

Because our values and beliefs include many elements of life such as clothes, food, and language means that culture is

cultural construction

Collective definitions of proper and improper behavior that "build" meanings through common experiences and negotiations are cultural __________.

False

Cultural appropriation involves relationships of power.

all of the above : it explains all human action as the product of culture alone, it can justify atrocities, it denies the influence of factors like physical environment and biology on humans

Cultural determinism is unproductive for cultural analysis because

False

Cultural relativism is important because it helps anthropologists understand and defend all the things that people in other cultures do.

False

Culture can only be transmitted through face-to-face interaction

True

Culture consists of the collective processes that make the artificial seem natural.

comprised of a dynamic and interrelated set of social, economic, and belief structures.

Culture is

False

Culture is uniquely human

the process of learning the cultural rules and logic of a society, which begins at birth.

Ethnocentrism

traditions

Even though many people believe that their __________ are very old, these enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are often much more recent than we realize

families, sport teams, religions, hospitals, and healthcare systems

Examples of social institutions are

it is important to understand Native American claims from their point of view though it doesn't necessarily mean we should accept them as the only way to view the issue

How would a critical relativist explain Native American criticisms of cultural appropriation?

this way of teaching organizes people to promote shared cultural goals

If a functionalist were to explain why the teacher lectures from the front of the classroom to students organized in neatly arranged chairs, she or he would emphasize that

everyday interactions

If you wanted to understand the norms of a society, you would most likely focus on

customs

Long-established norms that have a codified and lawlike aspect

Interpretive Theory

Michael Ames developed exhibits with native Canadian communities at the Museum of Anthropology at the University of British Columbia because he believed in __________

True

Most anthropologists believe in a single unified theory of culture.

people learn them when they are young.

Norms are stable because

social institutions

Organized sets of social relationships that link individuals to each other in a structured way in a particular society

False

People rarely hold conflicting values.

tradition

Practices and customs that have become most ritualized and enduring

Symbol

Something—an object, idea, image, figure, or character—that represents something else.

Values

Symbolic expressions of intrinsically desirable principles or qualities

Franz Boas

The American anthropologist responsible for the concept of historical particularism was named

the interconnections between different domains of a society

The application of a holistic perspective to understand changes in everyday practices, such as eating breakfast cereals, reveals

Power of tradition

The controversy between Native Americans and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) schools using mascots illustrates

individual societies develop particular cultural traits and undergo a unique process of change

The defining feature of historical particularism is

Ethnocentrism

The experience of feeling that the way your culture does things is the right way and any different way of doing things is wrong is called .

a way of explaining how the world works

The idea that Ongee ancestors make tidal waves and earthquakes would be understood by an interpretive anthropologist as

cultural determinism

The idea that all human actions are the product of culture, which denies the influence of other factors, such as physical environment and human biology, on human behavior.

Social Evolutionism

The idea that cultures pass through stages from primitive to complex is known as .

Post-structuralism

The idea that embraces dynamic cultural processes and the idea that the observer of cultural processes can never see culture completely objectively represent

through systematic connections of different parts

The main idea behind the holistic perspective is to study culture

cultural construction

The meanings, concepts, and practices that people build out off their shared and collective experiences.

traditions

The most enduring and ritualized aspects of culture are referred to as

holistic perspective

The perspective that aims to identify and understand cultures in the entirety is called

cultural relativism

The process of learning culture from a very young age is called

Enculturation

The process of learning the social rules and cultural logic of a society.

people make sense of the world through binary oppositions

The structuralist approach to culture theorizes what?

Micheal Foucault

The theorist most connected with post-structuralism is

Functionalism

The theory of culture that proposes that cultural practices, beliefs, and institutions fulfill the psychological and physical needs of society is called

cultural relativism

The theory that posits that cultural practices and beliefs serve purposes for society is called

cultural appropriation

The unilateral decision of one social group to take control of the symbols, objects, and practices of others is called .

cultural appropriation

The unilateral decision of one social group to take control over the symbols, practices, or objects of another

Norms

Typical patterns of actual behavior as well as the rules about how things should be done

challenged her right, as a foreign anthropologist, to study the Maya culture

When Kay Warren presented her anthropological research, a group of Maya intellectuals, activists, and political leaders

the use of acupuncture in the United States

Which of the following is an example of cultural appropriation?

Herbert Spencer

Who was responsible for the theory of functionalism?

Lewis Henry Morgan

Who was responsible for the theory of social evolution?