A+P 1 Test #2 CHAPTER 6

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When does the placenta become sufficiently functional to continue the pregnancy?

After the first trimester

The extra-embryonic membrane that forms a fluid-filled sac is ...

Amnion

How do autosomes and sex chromosomes differ?

Autosomes are the 22 of the 23 pairs of chromosomes that are matching

Define homozygous and heterozygous

Homozygous: PP or pp. Carries two of the same alleles. Heterozygous: Pp. Carries two different alleles.

Attachment to and penetration of the endometrium by the blastocyst is referred to as ...

Implantation

Fertilization

Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell

During gestation, contraction of the myometrium is inhibited by ________, produced by the placenta.

Progesterone

Which hormone causes the milk ejection (milk let-down) reflex?

Prolactin

The hormone that increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis during pregnancy is

Relaxin

A person's original chromosomes and their component genes constitute that person's.........

genotype

gestation

growth process from conception to birth

The process of cell division that divides the cytoplasm of the zygote among blastomeres is called

cleavage

The presence of which hormone in the urine provides a reliable indicator of pregnancy, as detected by home pregnancy tests?

hCG

Organogenesis

organ formation that takes place during the first two months of prenatal development

trophoblast

outer layer of blastocyst

What does happen during amphimixis?

the male and female pronuclei fuse.

Deoxygenated blood is carried to the placenta by the

umbilical arteries

A portion of the allantois, blood vessels, and remnants of the yolk sac forms the

umbilical cord

Oxygenated blood is carried away from the placenta by the

umbilical veins

Name the four extra-embryonic membranes.

yolk sac, amnion, allantois, chorion

The individual cells produced by cleavage are called

zygotes

define single nucleotide polymorphism

A site on a chromosome where animals in a population have different nucleic acids

chorionic villi.

-grow into placenta -support maternal-fetal gas exchange

A zygote whose genotype is XX will develop as a

Female

The infancy stage of life is considered to be over when the baby reaches ________ of age.

2

How many chromosomes are contained within a human zygote?

46

How many chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?

46

The trophoblast has many of the characteristics of ________ cells.

Cancer

The extra-embryonic membrane that forms the fetal portion of the placenta

Chorion

The gradual modification of anatomical structures during the period from conception to maturity is

Development

The first stage of labor is the ________ stage.

Dilation

The oval, three-layered sheet produced by gastrulation is called the

Embryonic Disc

Which of the following hormones is the cause of most puberty-related changes in a female?

Estrogen

Which chemicals are primarily responsible for initiating contractions of true labor?

Estrogen and Oxytocin

is the time spent in growing within the uterus.

Gestation

If a color-blind (X-linked recessive trait) man marries a woman who is heterozygous for the trait, what proportion of their male offspring can be expected to be colorblind?

Half

Why does a mother's blood volume increase during pregnancy?

Heart rate increases

The region known as the primitive streak is the site of

Migration of ectodermal cells

After fertilization, the first cell division is completed

More than a day later

After 3 days, a pre-embryo becomes a solid ball of cells known as a ....

Morula

Stretching of the cervix causes an increase in the blood levels of

Oxytocin

Which hormone stimulates the milk let-down reflex?

Oxytocin

The placenta is expelled from the uterus during the ________ stage of labor.

Placental

List and describe the factors involved in initiating labor contractions.

Relaxin, Distortion of uterus, Stretched muscles

The period of gestation that is characterized by the largest fetal weight gain and fat deposition is the ________ trimester.

Third

Which trimester does a fetus undergoes its largest absolute weight gain?

Third Trimester

The embryonic heart starts beating as blood begins to flow through chorionic vessels at approximately ________ of development.

Week 3

The extra-embryonic membrane that forms blood cells is .......

Yolk sac


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