AP 62 quiz

The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is

ACTH.

After brain surgery, a patient receiving postoperative care in an intensive care unit began to pass large volumes of very dilute urine. The ICU nurse administered a medicine that mimics which of the following hormones?

ADH

The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is

ADH.

The posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH.

The hypophyseal portal system

All of the answers are correct.

The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is

TSH.

Define endocrine system. (Module 16.3A)

The endocrine system includes organs whose primary role is the production of hormones or paracrines.

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

adenohypophysis.

The inner portion of the adrenal gland is the

adrenal medulla

A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is

aldosterone.

Reduction of fluid losses at the kidneys due to the retention of Na+ is the action of

aldosterone.

The zona reticularis of the adrenal cortex produces

androgens.

In general, the effects of natriuretic peptides are ________ to those of the renin-angiotensin system.

antagonistic

All of the following are true of steroid hormones except that they

are produced by the adrenal medulla

bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.

are transported in the blood dissolved in the plasma.

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except

build up bone.

A hormone that can lower blood levels of calcium ion is

calcitonin.

Hormones can be divided into different groups based on their chemistry. These categories include all of the following except

carbohydrates.

The outer layer of the adrenal gland is the

cortex

Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?

cyclic AMP

Which of the following hormones increases production of red blood cells?

erythropoietin

The ovaries secrete ________ when stimulated by FSH.

estrogen

Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause

gigantism.

When blood glucose levels fall,

glucagon is released

Cushing's disease results from an excess of

glucocorticoids

The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces

glucocorticoids.

Hormones that regulate the male and female reproductive organs are collectively called

gonadotropins.

All target cells

have hormone receptors and respond to chemical signals.

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered to be ________ when released into the bloodstream, but ________ when released at synapses.

hormones; neurotransmitters

A person with untreated diabetes mellitus may exhibit all of the following symptoms except

hypoglycemia.

The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the

hypothalamus.

Activation of the renin-angiotensin system would result in all of the following except

increased urine production

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce ________ which ________ blood sugar

insulin; lowers

Thyroid hormone contains the element

iodine.

The hormone oxytocin does all of the following except

is responsive to osmoreceptors.

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the

isthmus.

The condition known as goiter can result from too

little iodine in the diet

Increased amounts of light would inhibit the production of which hormone? (Module 16.12B)

melatonin

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces

mineralocorticoids.

The posterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

neurohypophysis.

The hormone(s) that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is/are

oxytocin.

The hormone that does the opposite of calcitonin is

parathyroid hormone.

Melatonin is produced by the

pineal gland

The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by

secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.

Cells can respond to ________ hormone(s) at a time.

several

The ________ gland sits along the superior border of the kidney.

suprarenal

The testes produce

testosterone

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland.

Name the hormones of the thyroid gland. (Module 16.8B)

thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin

The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is

PRL

The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is

FSH.

Which of the following statements about the endocrine system is false?

It releases hormones, all of which are lipids, directly into the bloodstream.

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovarian secretion of progesterone and testicular secretion of testosterone is

LH

________ are chemical messengers that are released in one tissue and transported in the bloodstream to alter the activities of specific cells in other tissues.

Neurotransmitters

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release all of the following except

OXT.

All of the following are targets for insulin except

blood cells.

The primary function of ADH is to

decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys

Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in

diabetes mellitus.

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the ________ system in many ways.

endocrine

The hypothalamus is an important organ in both the ________ and ________ systems.

endocrine; nervous

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?

epinephrine

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine