AP Art History Final Review

Alberti designed the Palazzo Rucellai so that it would follow Renaissance values of architecture. It was the first private residence that employed in its design.

Humanism

In Raphael's Stanza della Segnatura, he reconciled the philosophies and teachings of Plato and Aristotle. Which of the following have also been reconciled?

Humanism and Christianity

Lippi's Madonna and Child with two Angels is different from previous representations of the same subject because it reveals a more ___________ approach by the artist. This is especially seen in the _________ of the figures.

Humanist, Playfulness

____ was the most influential church building in the later cinquecento.

II Gesu

What was the primary vehicle used in the Christianization of the British Isles?

Illuminated manuscript

What is a ground line?

It is the baseline in which figures appear to stand

How does the pyramid reflect the influence of the city of Heliopolis?

It was the seat of the power cult of Re whose emblem was the pyramidal stone or ben-ben

The illusionism found in French manuscript was influenced by contact with ____.

Italy

____ created the first known Western portrait where the sitter looks directly at the viewer.

Jan van Eyck

The earliest known example of the use of contrapposto is the sculpture known as the ____.

Kiritos Boy

The mission of the ____, the earliest crusading knights, was to protect Christians visiting Christian shrines in the Holy Land.

Knights Templar

Which of the following is a palace on Crete?

Knossos

____ is the church most closely associated with the crusades.

La Madelenie, Vezelay

____ is a term for the large composite creatures that guarded the gates of Assyrian royal complexes.

Lamassu

The materials and art-making process used to create Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George the work demonstrate the influence of

Late Antique Egyptian funerary portraiture

The primary sacred text was the Bible, consisting of the Old Testament originally written in Hebrew and the New Testament written in Greek. In what language is the Vulgate version of the Bible written?

Latin

Which of the following is NOT true of Filippo Lippi's Madonna and Child with two Angels?

Lippi emphasized the golden divine light of the scene creating distance between the figures and viewer

The German artist who was dubbed with the title "painter of the Reformation" is ____.

Lucas Cranach the Elder

Equestrian statues were reminders of Rome's glory. Charlemagne returned to Rome after his coronation with an equestrian statue of Theodoric. Which statue served as the ultimate model for such equestrian portraits?

Marcus Aurelius

n portraying the personality of the emperor, and, in particular his sense of concern about the weakened state of the empire, the portraits of ____ began a new trend in portraiture.

Marcus Aurelius

Which artists's assertion of his authority anticipated modern concepts of the artist?

Michelangelo

q____ were centrally important to the revival of learning during Charlemagne's reign.

Monastic communities

Which type of Etruscan funerary monument had no parallel in Greece?

Monumental sarcophagi

The Lion Gate is the gateway to ____.

Mycene

Pyramids were most popular during which of the following periods?

Old Kingdom

In the Creation of Adam, Michelangelo fashioned the conception of God after ____.

Olympian deities

Who was a major force in the revival of the Classical style in early medieval times?

Otto II

In the mid-10th century, the eastern part of the Carolingian empire was consolidated under the rule of the ____.

Ottonians

In about 3000 BCE, the conventions for representing the human figure that dominated Egyptian art until end of the New Kingdom can be found in which of the following?

Palette of King Namer

The chief architect of the Venetian Republic from 1570 until his death was ____.

Palladio

Scholars mostly agree that the Ionic frieze on the Parthenon is a representation of the ____.

Panthenaic procession

The Ambum Stone was discovered in

Papua New Guinea

The __________ is a votive statue of a goddess wearing four garments.

Peplos Kore

Which piece represents all the greatest mathematicians, philosophers and scientists from classical antiquity gathered together sharing their ideas and learning from each other?

Raphael's, Philosophy (School of Athens) 1509-1511 CE Fresco

The major center for artistic development in the High Renaissance was ____.

Rome

What piece is attributed to the revival of the theme of the female nude, largely absent from medieval art, and was consistent with the Neo-Platonic view that beholding physical beauty prompts the contemplation of spiritual beauty.

Sandro Botticelli's Birth of Venus, ca. 1484-1486

Which church was the burial place of the Holy Roman emperors until the 12th century?

Speyer Cathedral

The Etruscans preferred which the following materials for sculpture?

Terracotta

It has been said that the author-portrait of Saint Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels shows classical influences. What supports this statement?

The figure is seated as a philosopher or poet reading or writing

Which of the following aspects of ancient Egyptian beliefs is reflected in the program of relief carvings and hieroglyphics that cover the interior and exterior surfaces of the temple complex?

The pharaoh possessed divinely granted power to maintain order

Which of the following is NOT true of Donatello's David

This sculpture is made of bronze and was made with the lost wax method, which is the same method that ancient sculptors used

In the tenth century, Caliph al-Hakam II undertook major renovations of the Great Mosque at Córdoba in imitation of his ____ predecessors in Jerusalem and Damascus.

Umayyad

The Great Mosque at Córdoba has a hypostyle prayer hall with horseshoe-shaped arches adapted from which of the following?

Visigoths

Irish or Celtic stone crosses are identifiable by which of the following?

a circle intersecting the cros arm

The painting rhinoceros, wounded man, and disemboweled bison is unique in Paleolithic art regarding the presence of ____.

a male figure

The Pazzi Chapel was part of the Church of Santa Croce and it was used as ______ .

a meeting room

In 1401, Ghiberti's entry won the competition for the design of the baptistery doors for the Florence Cathedral partially based stylistically on its ____.

a new spatial illusionism

______________refers to a type of human experience that combines perception, feeling, meaning making, and appreciation of qualities of produced and/or manipulated objects, acts, and events of daily life

aesthetic

Unlike tempera, oil paint can be . . .

all of the above

A henge, or ____, was a type of megalithic monument found almost exclusively in Britain.

an arrangement of megalithic stones in a circle

The Hellenistic image of Athena battling Alkyoneos on the Altar of Zeus has ____ not found in earlier sculpture.

an emotional intensity

The intertwining forms on the Initial L and Saint Matthew of the Codex Colbertinus attest to the long life of the ____ from the Hiberno-Saxon period.

animal interlace styles

A female statue column used as an architectural support was known as a ____.

caryatid

_________________ is a sculptural technique in which the artist pour liquid metal, plaster, or another material into a mold.

casting

Which of the following describes one of the drawbacks of the fresco secco technique?

col,ors do not fuse on the wall sure face

Which of the following describes one of the drawbacks of the fresco secco technique?

colors do not fuse on the wall surface

The way in which an artist organizes forms in an artwork, either by pacing shapes on a flat surface of arranging forms in space.

composition

____________ includes original and subsequent historical and cultural milieu of a work of art.

conext

The church of Sainte-Foy at Conques is similar to other Romanesque pilgrimage churches in that it

contains radiating chapels for the veneration of relics

_______________of a work of art consists of interacting, communicative elements of design, representation, and presentation within a work of art.

content

In the First Style of Roman wall painting at Pompeii, the decorator's aim was to imitate ____

costly marble

The sculptor Polykleitos imposed order on human movement in his Doryphoros by ____

creating a system of cross balances

Statuettes of two worshipers and Gudea seated, holding temple plan both represent the ____.

deep commitment to religion to the gods

The form of the columns in the hypostyle hall was intended to recall the

dense clusters of papyrus reeds on the Nile

Line, shape, color (hue, value, saturation), texture, value (shading), space, and form are ____________________.

design elements

Balance/symmetry, rhythm/pattern, movement, harmony, contrast, emphasis, proportion/scale, and unity are _____________________.

design principles

Although the cave paintings in the Great Hall of the Bulls at Lascaux were originally interpreted as depictions of hunting scenes, they have more recently been interpreted as paintings intended to

document a series of animal based rituals

. ____ is one of the primary characteristics of Neolithic society.

domestication of animals and plants

In Leonardo's Last Supper, the numerous preparatory sketches and studies he made for the work indicate how carefully he thought about this work as a complete entity representing the entire story and its theme. Based on this which of the following would describe Leonardo's conceptualization of the figures from his Last Supper?

each figure was individualized

The ____ was the most typical object of prestige adornments in the medieval period.

fibula

__________________ describes component materials and how they are employed to create physical and visual elements that coalesce into a work of art

form

Figures sculpted in the round can be defined as ____.

freestanding

________________ may be for utility, intercession, decoration, communication, and commemoration and may be spiritual, social, political, and/or personally expressive.

function

The term Roman-like was adopted to describe the architecture of the Romanesque period because it relied on elements of Roman architecture such as ____.

groin vaults

qBecause of their large scale, ____ are the exceptions of artistic production in Ireland and northern England.

high crosses

The allegorical figures in the Triumph of Titus allude to ____.

his imperial virtues

________________ is the name of a color

hue

The regular appearance of ____ distinguishes paintings produced in the Neolithic period from those in the Paleolithic period

human figures

The decoration of the Pyxis of al-Mughira draws on Islamic artistic traditions in that it

incorporates calligraphic inscriptions

In which way did the three-aisled basilica for the Monastery of Saint Gall differ from its early Christian prototypes?

it had a second apse on the west end

Çatal Höyük has a most remarkable mural, a landscape. Which statement best defines the term landscape?

it is a picture of natural setting in its own right without any narrative content

Figurines such as the Tlatilco female figurine can be considered most similar in content to the

jade cong

Mannerist paintings such as Jacopo da Pontormo's, Entombment of Christ, in the Capponi chapel, Santa Felicità, Florence, Italy, 1525-1528, represents a departure from the compositions of the earlier Renaissance. Instead of concentrating masses in the center of the painting, Pontormo ________.

left a void

Through the use of illuminated manuscripts, Christian monks impressed the illiterate Christian population by ____.

making words beautiful

_______________ include raw ingredients (such as pigment, wood, and limestone), compounds (such as textile, ceramic, and ink), and components (such as beads, paper, and performance) used to create a work of art.

material

Monuments from the Neolithic period in western Europe, such as Stonehenge, are characterized by ____.

megalithic architecture

Although largely influenced by Assyrian art, Persian art differed in the preference for ____

more rounded forms

The depiction of Greeks on the Ionic frieze of the Parthenon was exceptional because ____.

no human event had been depicted on a temple

____ is the simplest and oldest method of spanning a passageway.

post and intel

In contrast to a Greek temple, Roman temples usually were ____.

pseudo-peripteral

Pilgrims often journeyed to churches to view ____, which were the material remains of holy figures.

relics

Sound box of the lyre from tomb 789 _____.

represents heraldic composition

How does the kneeling statue of Hatshepsut indicate her status as pharaoh?

she is wearing the royal male nemes headdress

The Victory stele of Naram-Si _____.

shows daring innovation by breaking with the composition formula of storytelling via horizontal registers

A pharaoh progressing through the temple complex was intended to encounter

spaces that were increasingly dark and mysterious, leading to the inner sanctum housing the cult statue

The Ziggurat at Ur can best be described as a ____.

temple platform

Significant numbers of small marble figurines representing naked women with arms folded over abdomens have been found in ____.

the Cyclades Islands

One of the most famous Paleolithic cave paintings, the Hall of the Bulls, was discovered in ____.

the Lascaux Caves

The Carolingian architectural plan that demonstrated the beginnings of the modular system was found in ____.

the Monastrey of saint gall

The Corinthian black-figure amphora with animal friezes demonstrates the Greek fascination with ____.

the Orient

The influence for the procession of the imperial family on the Ara Pacis Augustae was ____.

the Panathenaic frieze from the parthenon

The Sistine ceiling represents which of the following themes?

the chronology of Christianity

The Emperor Trajan commissioned which of the following?

the column depicting his victories

In the Romanesque period, church interiors became impressive acoustical settings for church services. Which of the following architectural elements allowed for the excellent acoustics?

the continuous barrel vaulted naves

The Pantheon was one of the most influential designs in the history of architecture. It brought new meaning to the concept of "architectural space." Which of the following descriptions characterize this influential work?

the design is based on the intersection of the two circles

Jan van Eyck's Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife contains many symbols. Which of the following is an allusion to fidelity?

the dog

Unlike Greek temples, Etruscan temples were not meant to be seen as sculptural masses. Which of the following architectural elements would this?

the enterence was centered at the front of the structure

The name for the monumental gateway to the citadel of Persepolis, that Gate of All Lands, is a reference to ____.

the harmony of the peoples of the Persian empire

The small size of Workshop of Campin, Annunciation Triptych (Merode Altarpiece) suggests that

the painting was made for a private home rather than a public church altar

Pedimental sculpture is extremely rare in Etruscan temple architecture. Normally, the Etruscans placed their narrative statuary on which of the following elements?

the peaks of the temple roof

____ was used almost exclusively for the representation of animals in Paleolithic art.

the profile view

The revival of monumental sculpture in the Romanesque period was partially influenced by ____.

the survival of ancient Rome ruins

Republican portraits are usually of older men. Which of the following explains the lifelike verism of these portraits?

the tradition of the treasured household image

During the Romanesque period, the vision of Christ's second coming was often depicted on which of the following?

the tympanum

Pompeian wall paintings of the Second Style are characterized by which of the following?

the wall seemingly opening up into an illusionistic landscape

Which of the following statements is true of both the Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur and the Palette of King Narmer?

they celebrate military victory

The primary motivation for undertaking a pilgrimage, which was extremely dangerous and could often last a year, was ____

to seek salvation or cure

The artist of the spoils from Jerusalem from the Arch of Titus ____ to create the illusion of depth.

used different levels of relief

The cleaning of Michelangelo's Sistine ceiling initially shocked art historians because it revealed ____.

vivid colors

Stonehendge is believed to have been built between

2500-1600 BCE

Terracotta sarcophagi showing life-sized reclining figures are most typical of which of the following centuries?

2nd century BCE

The piece, Animal facing left, is from

Africa

Which of the following architects wrote influential treatises on painting and architecture?

Alberti

Which of the following encouraged the growth of towns and cities?

An increase

In the Neolithic period, agriculture and raising stock became humankind's major food sources. Which area transitioned to these activities first?

Anatolia and Mesopotamia

The Pazzi Chapel shows careful attention to geometry in its plan and construction, which echoes the great buildings of ______.

Ancient Rome

Who is usually given credit for the invention of the red-figure technique as seen in the amphora of "Achilles and Ajax playing a dice game"?

Andokides painter

One of the most important trading cities of 15th-century Netherlands was ____.

Basel

Which of the following statements describes the character of the imagery portrayed on the Column of Trajan?

Battle scenes take up a quarter of the scenes

In the later Middle Ages, religious books were created for the private devotions of the laity. They were based on readers used by the monks. These books contained prayers to be read at specific times during the day and were popularly known as ____.

Books of Hours

____ contributed to the decentralization of religious practice.

Books of Hours

What manuscript is commonly considered the greatest of the extant early medieval Irish books?

Books of Kells

How did 11th-century Romanesque masons construct monumental groin vaults?

By using ashlar blocks joined by mortar

The "throne of wisdom," sedes sapientiae, is the western European freestanding version of which of the following?

Byzantine Theotokos

Which of the following is NOT true of Campin's Merode Altarpiece?

Campin painted himself kneeling in prayer in the panel on the left

The Palazzo Rucellai is similar to which Ancient Roman structure?

Colosseum

Which of the following structural materials allowed the architect of the Sanctuary of Fortuna Primigenia to raise such a grand and eloquent expression of Roman power?

Concrete

____ are portraits of individuals that accompany religious scenes and became very popular in the 15th century.

Donor Portraits

Polyklietos created a new canon (standard) for the creation of statues in Greece and _____________ was the prototype

Doryphoros (Spear bearer)

Which of the following is NOT true of Albrecht Dürer's, Fall of Man (Adam and Eve), 1504

Durer sacrafices naturalism to showcase his mastrey of Vitruviqan ideals

The Hundred Years War primarily involved which two kingdoms?

ENgland and France

The formal qualities of Virgin (Theotokos) and Child between Saints Theodore and George identify it as an example of an

Early Byzantine icon because of the heavily contoured figures in a shallow space

The rigidly frontal pose of archaic statues reflects the influence of ____.

Egyptian art

____ was the economic system that was gradually replaced by the growth of towns and cities during the Romanesque period.

Feudalism

In the 15th century, the dukes of Burgundy wielded power over which of the following counties?

Flanders

____ is the location of the most spectacular cave paintings that have been discovered.

France

____ is the theft of relics for holy purposes.

Futra sacra

The intersection of two barrel vaults creates which of the following?

Groin vault

Constructed and painted between 1512 and 1516, __________ is essentially a box of statues covered by folding wings, created to serve as the central object of devotion in an hospital built by the Brothers of St. Anthony.

Grunewald's Isenheim Altarpiece