AP Bio Chapters 4 & 5 Test

Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes? a. chloroplasts b. golgi complex c. nucleus d. nucleolus e. mitochondrion

b. golgi complex

Which of the following is the primary role of the lysosome? a. ATP synthesis b. intracellular digestion c. lipid transport d. carbohydrate storage e. protein synthesis

b. intracellular digestion

A signaling molecule that binds to a plasma membrane protein receptor functions as a a. second messenger b. ligand c. protein kinase d. protein receptor

b. ligand

From the perspective of the cell receiving the message, the three stages of cell signaling are a. the paracrine, local, and synaptic stages b. signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response c. signal reception, nucleus disintegration, and new cell generation d. the alpha, beta, and gamma stages e. signal reception, cellular response, and cell division

b. signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response

Cyanide binds to at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the cyanide will be found within the a. ribosomes b. lysosomes c. mitochondria d. peroxisomes

c. mitochondria

What is the most likely pathway taken in order to synthesize a protein that will be secreted by a cell a. ER, Golgi, nucleus b. Golgi, ER, lysosome c. Nucleus, ER, Glgi d. ER, Golgi, mitochondrian

c. nucleus, ER, Golgi

When epinephrine binds to cardiac (heart) muscle cells, it speeds their contraction. When it binds to muscle cells of the small intestine, it inhibits their contraction. How can the same hormone have different effects on muscle cells? a. cardiac cells have more receptors for epinephrine than do intestinal muscle cells b. epinephrine circulates to the heart first and is in higher concentration around cardiac cells c. the two types of muscle cells have different signal transduction pathways for epinephrine and thus have different cellular responses d. cardiac muscle is stronger than intestinal muscle and thus has a stronger response to epinephrine

c. the two types of muscle cells have different signal transduction pathways for epinephrine and thus have different cellular responses

Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of protein kinases are useful for cellular signal transduction because a. they are species specific b. they always lead to the same cellular response c. they amplify original signal manyfold d. they counter the harmful effects of phophatases

c. they amplify original signal manyfold

autocrine signaling

cells respond to signaling substances that they themselves secrete

Which of the following is NOT true about osmosis? a. water moves into a cell from a hypotonic environment b. it can occur more rapidly through channel proteins known as aquaporins c. there is no net osmosis when cells are in isotonic solutions d. it requires energy expenditure in all cells

d. it requires energy expenditure in all cells

If plant cells are immersed in distilled water, the resulting movement of water into the cells is called a. conduction b. active transport c. transpiration d. osmosis e. facilitated diffusion

d. osmosis

Which of the following processes includes all the others? a. osmosis b. diffusion of a solute across a membrane c. facilitated diffusion d. passive transport

d. passive transport

Which of the following macromolecules is primarily responsible for the insolubility of cell membranes in water? a. starch b. cellulose c. protein d. phopholipid e. glycogen

d. phopholipid

Which of the following compounds can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it? a. G protein b. adenyl cyclase c. glucose d. protein kinase

d. protein kinase

One of the most pronounced differences between animal and plant cells is that a. animal cells alone have one or more large vacuoles b. animal cells alone have their DNA stored in a nucleus c. animal cells alone have large central vacuoles d. plant cells alone have rough endoplasmic reticulum e. plant cells alone have relatively thick, rigid cell walls

e. plant cells alone have relatively thick, rigid cell walls

A hypotonic environment has a ___________ water potential compared to the cell.

high

A hypertonic environment has a _______ water potential compared to the cell.

low

A plant cell with a pressure potential of 2 is placed in a solution with a potential of -4. What direction will the water flow?

out of the cell and into the solution. cell - hypotonic. solution - hypertonic

endocrine signaling

secreted molecules diffuse into the bloodstream and trigger responses in target cells anywhere in the body - long distance - hormones

paracrine signaling

secreted molecules diffuse locally and trigger a response in neighboring cells - short distance - nerve cells

direct contact signaling

transferring signaling molecules across gap junctions or plasmodesmata between neighboring cells - directly adjacent cells communicate