AP Bio Exam 1

Generally, epithelial cell layers are responsible for separating two fluids. For example, the epithelium of blood vessels in animals separates the blood from the interstitial fluid. What characteristic would you expect to see in an epithelium that was specialized for passive diffusion of materials from one fluid to another?

A single layer of flattened cells

In many animals fat is stored in specialized cells in the...

Adipose tissue

What is the name of the epithelial cell surface that faces the outside of an organ?

Basal

Immune and lymphatic system functions

Body defense (fighting infections and virally induced cancers)

skeletal system function

Body support, protection of internal organs, movement

Endocrine system function

Coordination of body activities (such as digestion and metabolism)

Nervous system functions

Coordination of body activities; detection of stimuli and formulation of responses to them

Excretory system function

Disposal of metabolic wastes; regulation of osmotic balance of blood

The body tissue that consists largely of material located outside of cells is called what?

Epithelial tissue

What is interstitial fluid?

Fluid in between the cells that keep them together

Digestive system function

Food processing (ingestion, digestion, absorption, elimination)

Reproductive system function

Gamete production; promotion of fertilization, support of developing embryo

Respiratory system function

Gas exchange (uptake of oxygen; disposal of carbon dioxide)

The body's automatic tendency to maintain an internal and optimal environment is what?

Homeostasis

Most types of communication between cells utilize what?

Intercalated disks

Circulatory system function

Internal distribution of materials

Blood is best classified as connective tissue because

It has a matrix

What does bone consist of?

Living cells embedded in a mineralized organic matrix

Muscular system function

Locomotion and other movement

Snake behavior in Wisconsin changes throughout the year. For example, a snake is _____. A) less active in winter because the food supply is decreased B) less active in winter because it does not need to avoid predators C) more active in summer because that is the period for mating D) more active in summer because it can gain body heat by conduction

More active in the summer because it can gain body heat by conduction

Integumentary system function

Protection against mechanical injury, infection, dehydration; thermoregulation

Which organ system is responsible for protection against injury, infection, and dehydration?

Skin (integumentary system)

Food moves along the digestive tract as the result of contractions by

Smooth muscle

Which of the following would increase the rate of heat exchange between an animal and its environment?

Wind blowing across the body surface

Cardiac muscle cells are both...

striated and interconnected by intercalated disks