AP Bio Test 5
Okazaki fragments are joined together by:
DNA ligase
the 5' end of each Okazaki fragment begins with:
a separate RNA primer
interrupted coding sequences include long sequence of bases that do not code for amino acids. These noncoding sequence, called ______, are found in ____ cells
introns, eukaryotic
the codon is found in the:
mRNA
substitution of one base pair for another can result in a ____ mutation that results in the conversion of an amino acid specifying codon to a termination codon
nonsense
translocation is the process whereby the ____ moves in order to place tRNA bound to the growing polypeptide chain in the ___ site; thereby freeing the _____ site for a new aminoacyl-tRNa
ribosome; P; A
the information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the:
specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule
the two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain are:
sugar and phosphate
which of the following serves as an "adapter" in protein synthesis and bridges the gap between mRNA and proteins?
tRNA
the main reason scientists thought that proteins, rather then DNA, were the carriers of genetic material in the cell:
the large number of possible amino acid combinations
RNA synthesis is also known as:
transcription
the final product of DNA replication is:
two DNA molecules; each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand
in the experiment of Griffith, the conversion of nonlethal R-strain bacteria to lethal S-strain bacteria:
was an example of the genetic exchange known as transformation
the portion of the molecule in figure 13-2 that contains the anticodon is
3
one of the mRNA codons specifying the amino acid leucine is 5'-CYA-3'. Its corresponding anticodon is:
3'-GAU-5'
which of the following nucleotide sequence represents the complement to the DNA strand
3'-TCTAGGC-5'
the portion of the molecule in box 3 of figure 12-1 is:
A purine
the first experimenters to use Griffith's transformation assay to identify the genetic material were:
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty
which of the following cause the unwinding of the DNA double helix?
DNA helicase
which of the following statements about DNA is false?
DNA is only found in eukaryotic cells
which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain?
DNA polymerase
the bacteriophages used in Alfred Hershey's and Martha Chase's experiments showed that:
DNA was injected into bacteria
refer to figure 12-2. the structures represented by the letter E are called:
Okazaki fragments
RNA differs from DNA in all the following except:
RNA is a larger molecule then DNA
refer to figure 13-3. The component labeled B is:
RNA polymerase
which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?
a DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand
a gene can now be defined as
a DNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific RNA or protein product
the portion of the molecule in box 5 of figure 12-1 is:
a phosphate
initiation of transcription requires:
a promoter sequence
uracil forms a complementary pair with ___ in RNA and ____ in DNA
adenine; adenine
cancer cells differ from noncancerous cells in that:
all of these
the tRNA:
all of these
ribose differs from deoxyribose by having:
an extra hydroxyl group
two chains of DNA must run in ____ directions and must be ______ if they are to bond with each other
antiparallel; complementary
during protein synthesis, ribosomes:
attach to the mRNA molecule and travel along its length
why does DNA synthesis only proceed in the 5' to 3' direction?
because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a polynucleotide strand
why is only one strand of DNA transcribed into mRNA?
because transcribing both DNA strands would produce different amino acid sequences
how is a single strand of DNA able to serve as a template for the synthesis of another strand?
both the pairing of nucleotides and the breaking of hydrogen bonds
if DNA replication rejoined 2 parental strands, it would be termed:
conservative
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ____ link ____ to their respective tRNA molecules
covalently; amino acids
chargaff determined that DNA from any source contains about the same amount of guanine as ______
cytosine
hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and ____ and between adenine and _____
cytosine; thymine
translocation in translation requires
energy supplied by GTP
____ used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA
franklin
refer to figure 12-2. The segments labeled F are responsible for
initiating DNA synthesis
a replication fork:
is a Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously
in DNA replication, the lagging strand:
is synthesized as a series of Okazaki fragments
which of the following statements concerning nucleotide excision repair is FALSE?
it is a type of mismatch repair
why is DNA able to store large amounts of information?
its nucleotides can be arranged in a large number of possible sequences
the DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called then:
leading strand
refer to figure 12-2. the enzyme represented by the letter D is responsible for:
linking short DNA segments
primase is the enzyme responsible for:
making short strands of RNA at the site of replication initiation
a mutation that replaces one amino acid in a protein with another is called a ______ mutation
missense
following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site:
moves to the P site of the ribosome
all RNA except for ___ is made from DNA
none of these
refer to figure 12-2. The correct designation for the DNA strand labeled C is:
none of these
a mRNA "5' cap"
protects newly synthesized mRNA from degradation
in replication, once the DNA strands have been separated, reformation of the double helix is prevented by:
single-strand binding proteins
_____, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell replication event
telomeres
how is the 4-letter language of nucleic acids converted into the 20-word language of amino acids?
the 4 nucleic acid bases combine in 3-letter sequences that define different amino acids
refer to figure 13-2. The portion of the molecule labeled 5 is:
the attached amino acid
when cultured human cells were infected with a virus that carried the genes that coded for a subunit of telomerase:
the cells underwent more cell divisions than normal
how is the chromosome of a bacterial cell replicated?
the circular DNA molecule is replicated from one origin of replication bidirectionally
in all organisms, the AUG codon codes for:
the initiation of translation
frameshift mutations result from:
the insertion or deletion of one or two base pairs
when a DNA molecule containing a wrong base at one location in one strand in replicated:
the mutation is copied into one of the two daughter molecules
Linus Pauling demonstrated that:
the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene
the process illustrated in figure 13-3 is:
transcription
if a human gene mRNA were placed into a cell of yeast, it would be:
translated into the protein that is found in humans
x-ray crystallography showed that DNA:
was a helix
_____ determined the structure of the molecule DNA
watson and crick
in figure 12-1, the portion of the molecule in box ____ is a pyrimidine
1