AP Bio Test 5

Okazaki fragments are joined together by:

DNA ligase

the 5' end of each Okazaki fragment begins with:

a separate RNA primer

interrupted coding sequences include long sequence of bases that do not code for amino acids. These noncoding sequence, called ______, are found in ____ cells

introns, eukaryotic

the codon is found in the:

mRNA

substitution of one base pair for another can result in a ____ mutation that results in the conversion of an amino acid specifying codon to a termination codon

nonsense

translocation is the process whereby the ____ moves in order to place tRNA bound to the growing polypeptide chain in the ___ site; thereby freeing the _____ site for a new aminoacyl-tRNa

ribosome; P; A

the information carried by DNA is incorporated in a code specified by the:

specific nucleotide sequence of the DNA molecule

the two molecules that alternate to form the backbone of a polynucleotide chain are:

sugar and phosphate

which of the following serves as an "adapter" in protein synthesis and bridges the gap between mRNA and proteins?

tRNA

the main reason scientists thought that proteins, rather then DNA, were the carriers of genetic material in the cell:

the large number of possible amino acid combinations

RNA synthesis is also known as:

transcription

the final product of DNA replication is:

two DNA molecules; each of which contains one new and one old DNA strand

in the experiment of Griffith, the conversion of nonlethal R-strain bacteria to lethal S-strain bacteria:

was an example of the genetic exchange known as transformation

the portion of the molecule in figure 13-2 that contains the anticodon is

3

one of the mRNA codons specifying the amino acid leucine is 5'-CYA-3'. Its corresponding anticodon is:

3'-GAU-5'

which of the following nucleotide sequence represents the complement to the DNA strand

3'-TCTAGGC-5'

the portion of the molecule in box 3 of figure 12-1 is:

A purine

the first experimenters to use Griffith's transformation assay to identify the genetic material were:

Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty

which of the following cause the unwinding of the DNA double helix?

DNA helicase

which of the following statements about DNA is false?

DNA is only found in eukaryotic cells

which of the following adds new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain?

DNA polymerase

the bacteriophages used in Alfred Hershey's and Martha Chase's experiments showed that:

DNA was injected into bacteria

refer to figure 12-2. the structures represented by the letter E are called:

Okazaki fragments

RNA differs from DNA in all the following except:

RNA is a larger molecule then DNA

refer to figure 13-3. The component labeled B is:

RNA polymerase

which of the following best describes semiconservative replication?

a DNA molecule consists of one parental strand and one new strand

a gene can now be defined as

a DNA sequence that carries information to produce a specific RNA or protein product

the portion of the molecule in box 5 of figure 12-1 is:

a phosphate

initiation of transcription requires:

a promoter sequence

uracil forms a complementary pair with ___ in RNA and ____ in DNA

adenine; adenine

cancer cells differ from noncancerous cells in that:

all of these

the tRNA:

all of these

ribose differs from deoxyribose by having:

an extra hydroxyl group

two chains of DNA must run in ____ directions and must be ______ if they are to bond with each other

antiparallel; complementary

during protein synthesis, ribosomes:

attach to the mRNA molecule and travel along its length

why does DNA synthesis only proceed in the 5' to 3' direction?

because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a polynucleotide strand

why is only one strand of DNA transcribed into mRNA?

because transcribing both DNA strands would produce different amino acid sequences

how is a single strand of DNA able to serve as a template for the synthesis of another strand?

both the pairing of nucleotides and the breaking of hydrogen bonds

if DNA replication rejoined 2 parental strands, it would be termed:

conservative

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases ____ link ____ to their respective tRNA molecules

covalently; amino acids

chargaff determined that DNA from any source contains about the same amount of guanine as ______

cytosine

hydrogen bonds can form between guanine and ____ and between adenine and _____

cytosine; thymine

translocation in translation requires

energy supplied by GTP

____ used x-ray diffraction to provide images of DNA

franklin

refer to figure 12-2. The segments labeled F are responsible for

initiating DNA synthesis

a replication fork:

is a Y-shaped structure where both DNA strands are replicated simultaneously

in DNA replication, the lagging strand:

is synthesized as a series of Okazaki fragments

which of the following statements concerning nucleotide excision repair is FALSE?

it is a type of mismatch repair

why is DNA able to store large amounts of information?

its nucleotides can be arranged in a large number of possible sequences

the DNA strand that is replicated smoothly and continuously is called then:

leading strand

refer to figure 12-2. the enzyme represented by the letter D is responsible for:

linking short DNA segments

primase is the enzyme responsible for:

making short strands of RNA at the site of replication initiation

a mutation that replaces one amino acid in a protein with another is called a ______ mutation

missense

following peptide bond formation between the amino acid in the A site on the ribosome and the growing polypeptide chain, the tRNA in the A site:

moves to the P site of the ribosome

all RNA except for ___ is made from DNA

none of these

refer to figure 12-2. The correct designation for the DNA strand labeled C is:

none of these

a mRNA "5' cap"

protects newly synthesized mRNA from degradation

in replication, once the DNA strands have been separated, reformation of the double helix is prevented by:

single-strand binding proteins

_____, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, shorten with every cell replication event

telomeres

how is the 4-letter language of nucleic acids converted into the 20-word language of amino acids?

the 4 nucleic acid bases combine in 3-letter sequences that define different amino acids

refer to figure 13-2. The portion of the molecule labeled 5 is:

the attached amino acid

when cultured human cells were infected with a virus that carried the genes that coded for a subunit of telomerase:

the cells underwent more cell divisions than normal

how is the chromosome of a bacterial cell replicated?

the circular DNA molecule is replicated from one origin of replication bidirectionally

in all organisms, the AUG codon codes for:

the initiation of translation

frameshift mutations result from:

the insertion or deletion of one or two base pairs

when a DNA molecule containing a wrong base at one location in one strand in replicated:

the mutation is copied into one of the two daughter molecules

Linus Pauling demonstrated that:

the structure of hemoglobin was altered by a mutation of a single gene

the process illustrated in figure 13-3 is:

transcription

if a human gene mRNA were placed into a cell of yeast, it would be:

translated into the protein that is found in humans

x-ray crystallography showed that DNA:

was a helix

_____ determined the structure of the molecule DNA

watson and crick

in figure 12-1, the portion of the molecule in box ____ is a pyrimidine

1