AP bio test unit 3

How is ATP used in the formation of 3-carbon carbohydrates?

Which of the following questions is most relevant to understanding the Calvin cycle?

Ions are unable to move through the phospholipid bilayer because the nonpolar tails regions of the phospholipids are hydrophobic

Which of the following statements is true regarding the movement of substances across cell membranes?

larger fish consume more oxygen than smaller fish at all four temperatures

The fact that each line on the graph rises from left to right means that

The person would produce greater amounts of dilute urine.

A human kidney filters about 200 liters of blood each day. Approximately two liters of liquid and nutrient waste are excreted as urine. The remaining fluid and dissolved substances are reabsorbed and continue to circulate throughout the body. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted in response to reduced plasma volume. ADH targets the collecting ducts in the kidney, stimulating the insertion of aquaporins into their plasma membranes and an increased reabsorption of water. If ADH secretion is inhibited, which of the following would initially result?

View 2 because the rate of water movement into the RBCs equals the rate of water movement out of in cell

A sample of human blood was placed in a test tube containing a physiological saline solution (0.9% sodium chloride). This type of solution is often used intravenously to quickly rehydrate patients. A drop of the blood from the test tube was placed on a slide and red blood cells (RBs) were observed under a microscope. Three possible outcomes are diagrammed below. Which of the following best predicts which diagrammed microscope view the laboratory worker would see and best explains why?

Measuring the change in the amount of substrate

A scientist determined the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by measuring the amount of product formed over time. The following curve was generated from the data collected.

A large amount of substrate has been consumed

A scientist determined the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction by measuring the amount of product formed over time. The following curve was generated from the data collected. What is the most likely explanation for the change in the slope of the line between 3 and 5 minutes?

Increased by exposure to light

A student placed 20 tobacco seeds of the same species on moist paper towels in each of two petri dishes. Dish A was wrapped completely in an opaque cover to exclude all light. Dish B was not wrapped. The dishes were placed equidistant from a light source set to a cycle of 14 hours of light and 10 hours of dark. All other conditions were the same for both dishes. The dishes were examined after 7 days, and the opaque cover was permanently removed from dish A. Both dishes were returned to the light and examined again at 14 days. The following data were obtained. According to the results of this experiment, germination of tobacco seeds during the first week is

Electrons flowing along the electron transport chain

According to the chemiosmotic theory (chemiosmotic coupling), the energy required to move protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the innermembrane space against a concentration gradient comes most directly from

Yellow-leaved seedlings were unable to convert light energy to chemical energy

Additional observations were made on day 21, and no yellow-leaved seedlings were found alive in either dish. This is most likely because

C6H12O6

An increase in the rate of oxygen production by algae would be accompanied by a comparable increase in the rate of production of which of the following substances?

To retard the breakdown of the catalase

Which of the following best describes why ice was used during this experiment?

DNA

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. In an experiment, bacteriophages were labeled with either radioactive phosphorus or radioactive sulfur. The labeled bacteriophages were incubated with bacteria for a brief amount of time and then removed. The infected bacteria cells were found to contain significant amounts of radioactive phosphorus but not radioactive sulfur.Based on the results of the experiment, which of the following types of molecules did the bacteriophages most likely inject into the bacteria cells?

Photosynthesis

Based on the data shown, changes in the light intensity resulted in changes in the rate of which of the following processes

Rate of disappearance of the substrate

Which of the following can be used to determine the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

Products of the light reactions

Carbohydrate-synthesizing reactions of photosynthesis directly require

Does the addition of an enzyme reduce the activation energy required for a reaction?

The diagram below shows energy changes in a specific chemical reaction with and without the addition of an enzyme to the reaction. Which of the following questions can best be answered by the diagram?

in pea seeds an increase in temperature results in an increase in oxygen consumption

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by the data?

ATP and NADPH

The energy required to run the Calvin cycle reactions of photosynthesis comes from which two substances produced during the light-dependent reactions?

protons down a concentration gradient

During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of

The higher substrate concentrations in the more concentrated solutions speeded the reaction

For following group of questions first study the description of the data and then choose the question following it and fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. To study the actions of the enzyme catalase on hydrogen peroxide, students performed the following experiment. Catalase was extracted from potatoes by blending raw potatoes in a blender with cold distilled water. The filtrate was stored on ice. The following hydrogen peroxide solutions were made: 1 percent, 5 percent, 10 percent, and 15 percent. Filter paper disks were soaked in the catalase filtrate and dropped into beakers containing he various solutions. The activity of the enzyme was measured by the amount of time it took for the disks to float to the surface of the solution on the bubbles produced by the reaction. The following data was obtained. Which of the following best describes why the disks rose to the surface faster in the more concentrated hydrogen peroxide solutions?

Cellular respiration

Students in a class measured the mass of various living organisms. They then kept the organisms in the dark for 24 hours before remeasuring them. None of the organisms were provided with nutrients during the 24-hour period. The data are as follows. Which of the following is the best explanation for the pattern of change in the mass of the organisms over time?

carbon fixed in photosynthesis

The carbon "that makes up organic molecules in plants is derived directly from

more than 30 seconds

If the potato solution was boiled for 10 minutes and cooled for 10 minutes before being tested, the average time for the disks to float to the surface of the hydrogen peroxide solution would be

The contraction rate increases as the osmolarity decreases because the amount of water entering the paramecia by osmosis increases.

Paramecia are unicellular protists that have contractile vacuoles to remove excess intracellular water. In an experimental investigation, paramecia were placed in salt solutions of increasing osmolarity. The rate at which the contractile vacuole contracted to pump out excess water was determined and plotted against osmolarity of the solutions, as shown in the graph. Which of the following is the correct explanation for the data?

O.O5 mL/ min

The following questions refer to an experiment that is set up to determine the relative volume of O2 consumed by germinating and non germinating (dry) pea seeds at two different temperatures. The change in volume is detected by using a respirometer over a given period of time. The data are given below.The rate of oxygen consumption in germinating pea seeds at 26°C is

J to K

The rate of oxygen production equaled the rate of oxygen consumption during which of the following time periods?

The rate of proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane is lower in the sample without oxygen

Two nutrient solutions are maintained at the same pHI. Actively respiring mitochondria are isolated and placed into each of the two solutions. Oxygen gas is bubbled into one solution. The other solution is depleted of available oxygen. Which of the following best explains why ATP production is greater in the tube with oxygen than in the tube without oxygen?

Glycolysis

Which metabolic process is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and alcoholic fermentation?

They accept electrons during oxidation-reduction reactions

Which of the following best describes the function of the coenzymes NAD* and FAD in eukaryotic cellular respiration?