AP Biology Chapter: 3 Water and Life

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We can be sure that a mole of table sugar and a mole of vitamin C are equal in their

# of molecules

Which of the following is possible due to the high surface tension of water?

A water strider can walk across the surface of a small pond

The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are

Hydrogen bonds between water molecules

Why does ice float in liquid water?*

Hydrogen bonds stabilize and keep the molecules of ice farther apart than the water molecules of liquid water

unit of energy equal to .239 cal is a

Joule

The energy of motion is

Kinetic energy

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution determines the

Molarity

The amount represented by 6.02 x 10^23 molecules is a(n)

Mole

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are

Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules

When atmosphere CO2 dissolves in seawater, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which causes

Ocean precipitation

Hydrogen ion concentration of a solution will determine the

Ph

In a molecule of water, the oxygen atom does not share electrons equally with the two hydrogen atoms. This results in ____________________ between the atoms of this molecule.

Polar covalent Bond

In a single molecule of water, the two hydrogen atoms are bonded to the single oxygen atom by

Polar covalent bonds

Which of the following is not an emergent property of water: a. Moderation of temperature b. Less dense in its solid state c. Polar covalent molecules d. Cohesion e. Versatilty as a solvent

Polar covalent molecules

The substance that is dissolved in a solution is the

Solute

When liquid is a homogenous mixture with at least two substances it is called a(n)

Solution

The dissolving agent of a solution is the

Solvent

A liquid with a relatively high specific heat and heat of vaporization is

Water

It requires 1 calorie of heat to raise the temperature of _____________ by 1 degree C.

Water

One _____________ is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree C .

Calorie

Hydrogen bonds can hold the atoms of a substance together. This phenomenon is known as*

Cohesion

What property of water is responsible for water transport in plants?

Cohesion

Some substances that are too large to dissolve in water will remain suspended in the water forming a(n

Colloid

What determines the cohesiveness of water molecules

Hydrogen bonds

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, for example NH3

Base

Ice is lighter and floats in water because it is a crystalline structure in which each water molecule is bonded to a maximum of four other water molecules by which kind of bonds?

Hydrogen bonds

_________________ occurs due to the fact that the "hottest" molecules, or the ones with the most kinetic energy, are leaving the surface as a gas.

Evaporation cooling

Which of the following solutions has the greatest concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)?

Gastric juice at pH 2

A measure of matter's total kinetic energy due to motion of its molecules is

Heat

The amount of heat 1 gram of a liquid must absorb to become a gas is known as

Heat vaporization

When a substance such as salt is dissolved in water, the ions will separate and become surrounded by water molecules creating a(n

Hydration Shell

Water molecules stay close to each other due to the attraction of the slightly positive hydrogen atoms of one molecule and the slightly negative oxygen atom of a different molecule. This attraction is also known as

Hydrogen bonding

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, for example HCl

Acid

When one substance clings to another, such as water molecules clinging to the cell walls of water conducting cells in a plant, _______________ is occurring.

Adhesion

Which bonds must be broken for water to vaporize?

Hydrogen bonds

H+

Hydrogen ion

H3O+

Hydronium ion

A substance with an affinity for water is said to be*

Hydrophilic

A substance with no affinity for water, that is nonionic and nonpolar is said to be

Hydrophobic

OH-

Hydroxide ion

An example of a hydrogen bond is the bond between*

The H of one water molecule and the O of another water molecule

Many mammals control their body temperatures by sweating. Which property of water is most directly responsible for the ability of sweat to lower body temperature?

The absorption of heat by the breaking of hydrogen bonds

One liter of a solution of pH 2 has how many more hydrogen ions (H+) than 1L of a solution of pH 6?

10,000 more

One liter of a solution pH 9 has how many more hydroxide ions (OH-) than 1L of a solution of pH 4?

100,000 times more

How many molecules of glycerol (C3H8O3) would be present in 1 L of a 1 M glycerol solution?

6.02x 10^23

When water is the solvent the solution is a

Aqueous solution

A substance that minimizes changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a solution is a(n

Buffer

A measure of heat intensity that represents the average kinetic energy of the molecules, regardless of the volume of the matter, is

Temperature

The ______________________ for any substance is defined by the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of that substance to change its temperature by 1oC

Specific heat

________________ is the measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

Surface tension

Water is able to form hydrogen bonds because *

The bonds that hold together the atoms in a water molecule are polar covalent

The formation of ice during colder weather helps moderate the seasonal transition to winter. This is mainly because

The formation of hydrogen bonds releases heat

Which of the following statements is true about buffer solutions

They maintain a relatively constant pH

Which of the following is a hydrophobic material?

Wax


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