AP Biology Chapter 43

C

A fruit fly, internally infected by a potentially pathogenic fungus, is protected by its _____. A) immunoglobulins B) antibodies C) antimicrobial peptides D) B cells

D

A patient who has a high level of mast cell activity, dilation of blood vessels, and acute drop in blood pressure is likely suffering from _____. A) an autoimmune disease B) a typical skin allergy (contact dermatitis) that can be treated by antihistamines C) an organ transplant, such as a skin graft D) anaphylactic shock immediately following exposure to an allergen

D

Acidity in human sweat is an example of _____. A) cell-mediated immune responses B) acquired immunity C) adaptive immunity D) innate immunity

A

An immunoglobulin (Ig) molecule, of whatever class, with regions symbolized as C or V, H or L, has a light chain made up of _____. A) one C region and one V region B) one H region and one L region C) three H regions and one L region D) two C regions and two V regions

D

B cells interacting with helper T cells are stimulated to differentiate when _____. A) B cells produce IgE antibodies B) B cells release cytokines C) cytotoxic T cells present the class II MHC molecule-antigen complex on their surface D) helper T cells release cytokines

D

Bacteria entering the body through a small cut in the skin _____. A) inactivate the erythrocytes B) stimulate apoptosis of nearby body cells C) stimulate release of interferons D) activate a group of proteins called complement

D

CD4 and CD8 are _____. A) proteins secreted by antigen-presenting cells B) receptors present on the surface of natural killer cells C) molecules present on the surface of T cells where they interact with major histocompatability (MHC) molecules D) molecules on the surface of antigen-presenting cells where they enhance B cell activity

D

Clonal selection and differentiation of B cells activated by antigen exposure leads to the production of _____. A) large quantities of the antigen initially recognized B) vast numbers of B cells with random antigen-recognition receptors C) long-lived erythrocytes that can later secrete antibodies for the antigen D) short-lived plasma cells that secrete antibodies for the antigen

B

Clonal selection is an explanation for how _____. A) V, J, and C gene segments are rearranged B) an antigen can provoke production of high levels of specific antibodies C) HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) can disrupt the immune system D) macrophages can recognize specific T cells and B cells

D

Engulfing-phagocytic cells of innate immunity of vertebrates include _____. I) neutrophils II) macrophages III) dendritic cells IV) natural killer cells A) I and III B) II and IV C) I and IV D) I, II, and III

A

Inflammatory responses typically include _____. A) increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area B) reduced permeability of blood vessels to conserve plasma C) release of substances to decrease the blood supply to an inflamed area D) inhibiting the release of white blood cells from bone marrow

A

Innate immunity _____. A) is activated immediately upon infection B) depends on an infected animal's previous exposure to the same pathogen C) is based on recognition of antigens that are specific to different pathogens D) is found only in vertebrate animals

C

Lymphocytes mature in the _____. I) spleen II) thymus III) bone marrow A) only I and III B) only I and II C) only II and III D) I, II, and III

B

Mucus occurs in both the respiratory and digestive tracts. What is its main immunological function? A) sweeping away debris B) physically trapping pathogens C) destruction of pathogens because it is acidic D) increasing oxygen absorption

C

Naturally acquired passive immunity can result from the _____. A) injection of vaccine B) ingestion of interferon C) placental transfer of antibodies D) absorption of pathogens through mucous membranes

A

Phagocytosis of microbes by macrophages is enhanced by _____. I) the binding of antibodies to the surface of microbes II) antibody-mediated agglutination of microbes III) the release of cytokines by activated B cells A) only I and II B) only II and III C) only I and III D) I, II, and, III

A

Septic shock, a systemic response including high fever and low blood pressure, is a response to _____. A) certain bacterial infections B) specific forms of viruses C) the presence of natural killer cells D) increased production of neutrophils

B

T cells of the immune system include _____. A) CD4, CD8, and plasma cells B) cytotoxic and helper cells C) plasma, antigen-presenting, and memory cells D) lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells

C

The cells and signaling molecules involved in the initial stages of the inflammatory response are _____. A) phagocytes and chemokines B) dendritic cells and interferons C) mast cells and histamines D) lymphocytes and interferons

B

The cells involved in innate immunity, whose absence increases the chances of developing malignant tumors, are _____. A) cytotoxic T cells B) natural killer cells C) macrophages D) B cells

C

The complement system is _____. A) a set of proteins involved in innate but not acquired immunity B) a group of proteins that includes interferons and interleukins C) a group of antimicrobial proteins that act together in a cascade fashion D) a set of proteins that act individually to attack and lyse microbes

D

The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by _____. A) interferons produced by immune cells B) the secretion of complement proteins C) the release of slightly alkaline secretions D) the secretion of lysozyme onto their surfaces

A

What major advantage is conveyed by having a system of adaptive immunity? A) It enables a rapid defense against an antigen that has been previously encountered. B) It enables an animal to counter most pathogens almost instantly the first time they are encountered. C) It results in effector cells with specificity for a large number of antigens. D) It allows for the destruction of antibodies.

C

What type of immunity is associated with breast feeding? A) innate immunity B) active immunity C) passive immunity D) cell-mediated immunity

A

When antibodies bind antigens, the clumping of antigens results from _____. A) the antibody having at least two binding regions B) disulfide bridges between the antigens C) bonds between class I and class II MHC molecules D) denaturation of the antibodies

B

Which of the following is crucial to activation of the adaptive immune response? A) memory cells B) presentation of MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-antigen complex on a cell surface C) somatic hypermutation D) phagocytosis of antibody-antigen complex by macrophages in the blood (the humoral response)

D

Which of the following is crucial to activation of the adaptive immune response? A) memory cells B) presentation of MHC (major histocompatibility complex)-antigen complex on a cell surface C) somatic hypermutation D) phagocytosis of antibody-antigen complex by macrophages in the blood (the humoral response)

C

Which of the following is the best definition of autoimmune disease? A) a condition in which B cells and T cells respond independently to antigens and do not interact correctly B) a condition in which the adaptive immune system fails to recognize the second infection by the same antigen C) a condition in which self molecules are treated as non-self D) a condition in which the immune system creates random antibodies without being triggered by an antigen

D

Within a differentiated B cell, the rearrangement of DNA sequences between variable regions and joining regions is accomplished by a(n)_____. A) RNA polymerase B) reverse transcriptase C) epitopase D) recombinase