Ap biology chapter 5 quiz

Which one of the following molecules is a carbohydrate?

C60H100O50

Which of the following is a polymer?

Cellulose

At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide _____.

Chitin

A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture

DNA

What is the process by which cells link monomers together to form polymers?

Dehydration synthesis

Which one of the following molecules has the lowest molecular weight?

Glucose

Estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone belong to which class of molecules?

Lipids

Generally, animals cannot digest the linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass?

Microorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to glucose.

Which one of the following is a true statement comparing phospholipids and triglycerides (fats and oils)?

Phospholipid molecules have a distinctly polar "head" and a distinctly nonpolar "tail," while triglycerides are predominantly nonpolar.

The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____.

Phospholipids

Which of the following would probably NOT be affected when a protein is denatured?

Primary structure

Nutritionally, saturated triglycerides are considered to be less healthful than unsaturated. What is the difference between them?

Saturated triglycerides have more hydrogens than unsaturated.

The complex carbohydrate that you are most likely to have eaten recently is _____

Starch

Why does the enzyme amylase break down starch but not cellulose

The sugars in cellulose bond together differently than in starch.

Which of the following do nucleic acids and proteins have in common?

They are large polymers

If a small droplet of ordinary fat molecules is suspended in water, the fat molecules form a "ball of spaghetti" with no particular orientation. But if a droplet of phospholipids is put in water, all the molecules point outward, toward the water. Phospholipids are forced into this orientation because phospholipids have _____.

a charged end and a noncharged end

A glucose molecule is to starch as _____

a nucleotide is to a nucleic acid

In a hydrolysis reaction, _____, and in this process water is _____

a polymer breaks up to form monomers ... consumed

Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by ___________.

adding hydrogens to the double bonds

Lipids differ from other large biological molecules in that they _____

are not truly polymers

Which one of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract with the least digestion?

cellulose (in the lettuce)

The term "polyunsaturated" means that a fat or oil _____

contains two or more carbon-carbon double bonds

The type of bond that forms to bind monomers (such as sugar and amino acids) into polymers (such as starch and proteins) is a(n) __________ bond

covalent

Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies for _____.

energy storage and release

Which one of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates (as a class)?

enzymatic catalysis

Some lipids are formed by linking together fatty acids with glycerol. These subunits are linked together by a(n) ___________

ester linkage

A polysaccharide that we use for storing energy in our muscles and livers is _____.

glycogen

The subunits (monomers) in cellulose are linked together by ___________

glycosidic linkages

Which is the correct term for compounds that do not mix with water?

hydrophobic

The fatty acid tail of a phopholipid is ___________ because it ___________

hydrophobic ... has no charges to which water molecules can adhere

Disaccharides can differ from each other in all the following ways EXCEPT _____.

in the number of monosaccharides they contain

Which one of the following is the major energy storage compound of plant seeds?

oils

Cellulose is a _____ made of many _____

polymer ... glucose molecules

A fatty acid containing at least two double bonds is called _____.

polyunsaturated

Which of the following ranks these molecules in the correct order by size?

protein - sucrose - glucose - water

The a helix and pleated sheet represent which level of protein structure?

secondary structure

In what polysaccharide form do plants store sugar to be available later for energy?

starch

The ovalbumin in egg white can be classified as which type of protein?

storage

The overall three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide is called the _____

tertiary structure

One characteristic shared by sucrose, lactose, and maltose is _____.

they are all disaccharides