AP Biology - Semester 1 Final Exam
How many rings does a Steroid have?
4
What is the greatest benefit of ATP?
Easily broken phosphate bonds allows ATP to power cellular processes
A cell with 20 chromosomes(diploid number) goes through the cell cycle. The numbers of chromosomes after double the DNA in the S phase is:
20 chromosomes
A Barr Body is normally found in the nucleus of what kind of cell?
Somatic cells of a female only
What is the importance of the polymerase chain reaction:
The PCR makes many copies of DNA
Where are the proteins of the Electron Transport Chain located?
A (Inner Mitochondrial Membrane)
Why was the gene inserted in the plasmid before it was mixed with the bacteria?
A and B are correct (The plasmid acted as a vector to introduce the gene into the bacteria and The plasmid contains control regions necessary for the replication of the gene)
Which mutation would be most likely to have a catastrophic effect on the functioning of a protein?
A base deletion near the start of the coding sequence.
Cancer can result from a variety of different mutational events. Which of the following is LEAST likely to result in initiation of a cancerous tumor?
A defect in a cell-cycle checkpoint prevents a cell from entering S phase
In the presence of a metabolic poison that specifically and completely inhibits the function of mitochondrial ATP synthase, which of the following would you expect?
An increase in pH difference across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
What is the proton motive force?
As electrons are passed from NADH and FADH2 through an ETS, the electron loses energy. This energy is stored through the pumping of H+ across the membrane, generating a proton motive force.
Represents the activation energy of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction.
B (Small section above the middle line)
Based on this data, what can be said concerning the enzymes Pepsin and Trypsin?
Both pepsin and trypsin work at a pH of 5
Represents the activation energy needed without an enzyme.
C (Large section above the middle line, 2x size of B)
Glycolysis takes place in which location?
C (outside of the mitochondria; In the Cytoplasm)
What process Requires ATP:
Calvin Cycle alone
The following statements compare combustion with aerobic respiration of glucose. Which is FALSE?
Combustion produces more free energy from glucose at a more rapid rate than does respiration.
The electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location?
E (Intermembrane Space)
How does water move in Osmosis?
High Concentration of Water to Low Concentration of Water
Highest Initial Concentration:
Highest Increasing line, A
What bonds must be broken for water to go from a liquid to a gas?
Hydrogen bonds
When water leaves the cell and enters the surrounding area:
Hypertonic solution
When water enters the cell and leaves the surrounding area:
Hypotonic solution
The bacteria that contained the plasmid, but not the eukaryotic gene, would grow:
In all four types of broth (nutrient+amp, nutrient+tetra, nutrient+amp/tetra, and nutrient with no antibiotics)
What bonds and what formula makeup magnesium chloride?
Ionic Bonds / MgCl2
The Straight line on the graph:
Isotonic solution (at 80 seconds, lines A,C, and E)
A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?
It should dissolve in water.
Which of the following is true about the life cycle of a fungus?
It spends most of its life as a multicellular haploid organism.
What can not pass through a cell membrane?
Large and charged molecules
The observed differences between the groups most likely resulted from differences in the ability of seedlings to produce which of the following monomers?
Monomer w/ Amino Acid and Phosphate/H2N
What are the Electron Donors in Oxidative Phosphorylation?
NADH and FADH2
What process has Reduction of NADP+:
Photosynthesis
Where is the site of protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
All of the following statements about glycolysis are true EXCEPT:
The end products of glycolysis are carbon dioxide and water [*Pyruvate/NADH/ATP]
Which genotypic organisms are the most dangerous with recessive alleles in a population?
The heterozygous genotype
Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that photosynthesis occurred in treatment group 1?
The mean pH of the samples increased after one hour.
What can be concluded from the report?
The new viral strain inherited a mix of genetic material from both the avian influenza virus and the human influenza virus.
Where does Separation of Homologous Pairs occur:
The statement is true for meiosis I only
What best describes the fossil record?
There is a progression, with older fossils being primitive and younger fossils being advanced.
What type of molecule has a double bond and is normally crooked?
Unsaturated fatty acid
Which red blood cells were put into a hypertonic solution?
View 1 (shrunken RBCs)
In green plants, the primary function of the Calvin cycle is to:
construct simple sugar from carbon dioxide
What process has Electron flow along a cytochrome chain:
both photosynthesis and respiration
What process has Synthesis of ATP by chemiosmosis:
both photosynthesis and respiration
CAM plants can keep their stomata closed during the daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they can:
fix carbon dioxide into organic acids during the night.
What process Produces NADPH:
light reactions alone
What process Produces molecular oxygen (O2)
light reactions alone
In Sickle Cell Anemia, such a mutation would most likely result in altered:
protein secondary structure as a result of abnormal hydrophobic interactions between R-groups in the backbone of the protein.
It became apparent to Watson and Crick after completion of their model that the DNA molecule could carry vast amount of hereditary information in its:
sequence of bases
The fact that all seven of the garden pea traits studied by Mendel obeyed the principle of independent assortment means that the:
seven pairs of alleles determining these traits behave as if they are on different chromosomes.
Regarding mitosis and cytokinesis, one difference between higher plants and animals is that in plants:
spindle poles do not contain centrioles, whereas spindle poles in animals do
The bacteria containing the engineered plasmid would grow in:
the ampicillin and the nutrient broth
