AP Biology Unit 2 Test
Which of he following provides the weakest evidence hat mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes? A) Mitochondria and Prokaryotes both are found un a variety of sizes B) Mitochondrial ribosomes resemble this of prokaryotes C) Mitochondria reproduce by a process similar to binary fission D) Enzyme pathways on mitochondrial membranes resemble those found on modern prokaryote membranes E) Mitochondria have DNA that is circular and does not have associated protein
A) Mitochondria and Prokaryotes both are found un a variety of sizes
The manner in which several ions and molecules move through a cell membrane is shown in the diagram above. For each ion or molecule, the relative concentration on each side of the membrane is indicated. Which of the following accurately describes one of the movements taking place. A)Na+ is transported out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis B) Na+ is transported into the cell by active transport C) The movement of glucose through the membrane requires ATP hydrolysis D) Glucose is transported into the cell by active transport
A) Na+ is transported out of the cell requires ATP hydrolysis
Based on Table 1, which of the following percentages is closest to the solute concentration of the grape? A) 0.0% B) 1.3% C) 5.5% D) 10.1%
C) 5.5 %
A cell is treated with a drug that prevents the formation of new lysosomes. The cell continues to that are normally found in lysosomes and continues to translate the mRNAs for those proteins on membrane-bound ribosomes. the hydrolytic enzymes are most likely to accumulate in which of the following cellular structures? A) Nucleus B) Mitochondria C) Golgi Complex D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
C) Golgi Complex
Which of the following organelles modifies and packages for secretion the materials produced by the ribosomes? A) chloroplast B) nucleolus C) Golgi Body D) Mitochondrion E_ nucleus
C) Miochondrion
A protein is synthesized in the cytoplasm and transported to the plasma membrane. Which of the following summarizes the proteins pathway in the cell. A) Smooth ER --> nucleus--> Vesicle--> Plasma Membrane B) Nucleus --> vesicle --> rough ER --> Plasma membrane C) Smooth ER --> microfilament --> vesicle --> Plama Membrane D) Rough ER--> Golgi complex --> vesicle --> Plasma Membrane E) Plastid --> rough ER --> plasma membrane
D) Rough ER--> Golgi complex --> vesicle --> Plasma Membrane
Which of the following best explains why larger grapes have a different rate of water absorption per gram of mass than smaller grapes do? A) The rate is slower because smaller grapes have a larger SA to volume ratio than the larger grapes do B) The rate is slower because larger grapes have a larger SA to volume ratio than the smaller grapes do C) The rate is slower because smaller grapes have more volume tot hold excess water D) The rate is slower because larger grapes have more volume top hold excess water than smaller grapes do
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If ATP breakdown (hydrolysis) is inhibited, which of the following types of movement across cell membranes is also inhibited? A) Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient B)Movement of oxygen into a cell C) Movement of water through aquaporins D) Facilitated diffusion of a permeable substance
A) Passage of a solute against its concentration gradient
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells generally have which of the following features in common? A) Ribosomes B) Linear chromones made of DNA and protein C) A membrane-bound nucleus D) A cell wall made of cellulose E) Flagella or cilia that contain microtubules
A) Ribsomes
Assuming a negligible pressure potential, which of the following best predicts the net movement of the small diffusible solutes and water in the second experiment(Table 2)? A) Small diffusible solutes will diffuse into the grape cells, followed by water B) Small diffusible solutes will diffuse out of the grape cells and water will diffuse out of the grape cells and water will diffuse into the cells C) Small diffusible solutes will diffuse out of the grape cells, followed by water D) Small Diffusible solutes will diffuse into the grape cells and water will diffuse out of the cells
A) Small diffusible solutes will diffuse into the grape cells, followed by water
Which of the following describes the structure labeled? (Rough ER) A) Structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized B) Structure Y contributes the raw materials required for the synthesis of proteins C) Structure Y contains enzymes that cut and activate proteins D) Structure Y packages for export from the cell
A) Structure Y is the location where proteins are synthesized
Water passes quickly through cell membranes because a.) the bilayer is hydrophilic b.) it moves through aquaporins in the membrane c.) water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis d.) it is a small, polar, charged molecule e.) it moves through hydrophobic channels
A) The bilayer is hydrophobic
Which of the following best explains how the phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contributes to cellular function? A) The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins B) The phospholipid bilayer physically connects the nuclear envelope to the rough ER, thus increasing the rate of transcription C) Phospholipid bilayer of a transport vesicle contains chemicals that digest the proteins made in the Rough ER D) Phospholipid bilayer contains an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to wear and oxygen
A) The phospholipid bilayer allows the vesicle to fuse with the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane, allowing the exocytosis of proteins
Carbon dioxide most likely enters a cell through which of the following processes? A) simple diffusion through the membrane B) Facilitated diffusion through the membrane c) Active transport though membrane proteins D) Active transport
A) simple diffusion through the membrane
Mitochondria are founding most eukaryotic cells and contain their own DNA and ribosomes that are similar to those typical of many prokaryotic cells. Which of the following statements is justified by these observations? A)An ancestral cell most likely engulfed an aerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells B) the mitochondrial plays a role in respiration, but it also stores the cell's extra mRNA C) The mitochondrion is the only location in which eukaryotic cells can synthesize ATP D) Mitochondrial membranes provide abundant surface area for reactions because of the unfolding called cristae.
A)An ancestral cell most likely engulfed an aerobic prokaryote in a relationship that proved beneficial for both cells
Grana, thylakoids, and stroma are all components found in.. A) mitochondria B) chloroplasts C) vacuoles D) lysosomes E) nuclei
B) Chloroplasts
Based on Table 1, which of the following best explains the difference in water potential between certain solutions and the grapes? A) NaCl and tap water have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to gain water. B) Grape soda and NaCl have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to lose water C) Tap water and grape juice have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape o to lose water D) Grape soda and grape juice have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to gain water
B) Grape soda and NaCl have a lower water potential because these two solutions caused the grape to lose water
Which of the following explains why a cell's plasma membrane is composed of two layers of phospholipids rather than just a single layer? A) having 2 opposite oriented layers of phospholipids allows only he hydrophobic heads o interact with water inside and outside the cell B) Having two oppositely oriented layers of phospholipids allows only the hydrophobic heads to interact w/water inside and outside of the cell C) Having 2 identically oriented layers of phospholipids gives cells more protection from the exterior environment than just a single layer would D) Having 2 identically oriented layers of phospholipids allows for the production of vacuoles while still maintaining a protective barrier
B) Having two oppositely oriented layers of phospholipids allows he only the hydrophobic heads to interact w/water inside and outside of cell
A cell has the following molecule and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from... A) a plant, but not an animal B) a plant or an animal C) any kind of organism D) an animal, but not a plant E) a bacterium
B) a plant or an animal
Celery stalks that immersed in fresh water for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar stalks left in a salt solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the cells of the celery stalks are... A) hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution B) hypertonic to freshwater but hypertonic o the salt solution C) hypotonic o freshwater but hypertonic tot the salt solution D) hypertonic to both fresh water and the salt solution E) isotonic with freshwater butt hypotonic to the salt solution
B) hypertonic to freshwater but hypertonic o the salt solution
A student using a light microscope observes a cell and correctly describes it is a plant cell because... A) ribosomes are visible B) it has a large central vacuole C) an ER can be seen D) a cell membrane is present
B) it has a large central vacuole
Membranes are components of all of the following except... A) lysosome B) microtubule C) nucleus D) Golgi apparatus E) motochondrion
B) microtubule
If red blood cells cultured in an isotonic medium are placed in distilled water, they will most likely... A) shrivel B) swell and lyse C) remain uncharged D) become dormant E) divide
B) swell and lyse
A scientist designed an experiment to test tan artificial membrane that mimics the phospholipid bilayer of a cell. The scientist built a tube that was divided by an artificial membrane and filled with distilled water. the scientist put a known amount of a protein into the water on one side of he membrane. After some time, the scientist measured the concentration of the protein on the other side of the membrane bu found that there had been no change. Which of the following experimental changes would allow the scientist to observe transport of a solute across the artificial membrane? A) Increase the solute concentration in the solution B) use a small, non-polar solute instead of a protein C) increase the temperature of the solution D) Add artificial aquaporins tot he membrane
B) use a small, non-polar solute instead of a protein
Which type of organelle is primarily involved in the synthesis of oils, phospholipids, and steroids? A) Ribosome B) Lysosome C) Smooth ER D) mitochondrion E) contractile vacoule
C) Smooth ER
Which of the following is true about the structure of the prokaryotic cell represented in the figure? A) It has diploid genome and contains linear chromosomes B) It possesses cilia and lysosomes C) it has a cell wall exterior to the plasma membrane and contains ribosomes D) It possesses membrane- bound organelles and flagellum
C) it has a cell wall exterior to the plasma membrane and contains ribosomes
In animals, hydrolytic enzymes are packaged to prevent general destruction of cellular components. Which of the following organelles functions in this compartmentalization. A) central vacuole B) peroxisome C) lysosome D) chloroplast E) glyoxysome
C) lysosome
White blood cells engulf bacteria through what process? A) pinocyttosis B) receptor-mediated exocytosis C) phagocytosis D) osmosis E)Exocytosis
C) phagocytosis
Simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion are related in that both.... A) require protein carriers B) are endergonic process and thus require the hydrolysis of ATP C) occur via contractions of cytoskeletal elements attached tot membrane proteins D) depend on a concentration gradient E) occur in eukaryotic cells but no tin prokaryotic cells
D) depend on a concentration gradient
A student hypothesizes that the solute concentration of grape juice is higher than the solute concentration of the actual grape because the grape juice has added sugar. Based on the data in table 1, which of the following best evaluates the student's hypothesis? A) The hypothesis is supported because the mass of the grape decreased in the grape juice. B) The hypothesis is supported because the grape juice has a greater solute potential than the grape has C) The hypothesis is not supported because the grape was isotonic to the grape juice D) the hypothesis is not supported because the mass of the grape increased in grape juice
D) the hypothesis is not supported because the mass of the grape increased in grape juice
Large numbers of ribosomes are present in cells that specialize in producing which of the following molecules? A) glucose B) Lipids C) steroids D) starches E) proteins
E) proteins