ap central questions

Judy believes that her fate is determined by her own actions. Judy's belief best illustrates

an internal locus of control

Which of the following argues that physiological needs create aroused psychological states that cause us to try to satisfy those needs?

Drive theory

Which of the following situations describes an approach-avoidance conflict?

Anna must decide whether to buy a used car that is in her price range but has several mechanical problems.

Which of the following best supports the hypothesis that basic human emotions, such as sadness, are innate?

Basic emotions are understood and expressed in a similar fashion by individuals from diverse cultures.

Which of the following is LEAST likely to affect the immune system's ability to ward off illness?

Being around someone who has a serious case of the flu

Which of the following is the best example of a homeostatic process?

Cathy drinks a large amount of water to reduce thirst after a long race.

Which of the following situations poses an approach-approach conflict for a person who listens only to classical music?

Choosing to study with one of two friends, both of whom listen to classical music while studying

Which of the following theories suggests that a physiological need creates a state of tension that motivates an organism to satisfy the need?

Drive-reduction

An individual experiencing a low blood-glucose level would be best advised to do which of the following?

Eat a snack

A tumor that destroys the ventromedial hypothalamus is likely to produce which of the following?

Frequent eating and obesity

Which of the following statements best depicts the concept of incentive theory?

Jennifer studies hard because her parents reward her by paying $20 for each superior grade that she brings home.

Leo and Caitlin are both experiencing feelings about their date tonight. Leo has had bad dates lately, and so he feels fear and dejection. Caitlin, meanwhile, has had very good dates, and so she feels excited and happy. According to Richard Lazarus' appraisal theory,

Leo and Caitlin have an immediate unconscious interpretation of the scenario, which leads them to simultaneously both label their feelings as either positive or negative and have the appropriate physiological response

According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following statements is true?

Physiological needs must be met before an individual achieves self-actualization.

Which of the following correctly lists Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs from bottom to top?

Physiological, safety, belonging, esteem, self-actualization

According to cognitive dissonance theory, human beings are motivated to

Reduced tensions produced by inconsistent thoughts

A complex pattern of organized, unlearned behavior that is species-specific is called

an instinct

Alicia has started a new and very different job but believes in her skills and ability to carry out the tasks required of her. Albert Bandura would refer to Alicia's sense of confidence as which of the following?

Self-efficacy

Which of the following is true of a child with high self-efficacy regarding her ability to play soccer?

She feels confident that she can play well enough to score a goal.

Drive reduction as a motivational concept is best exemplified by which of the following?

The injection of heroin by an addict to avoid withdrawal symptoms

According to Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer's theory of emotion, which of the following is true?

The same physiological response can produce different emotions, depending on the context within which the response occurs and a person's interpretation of that context.

Which of the following findings about emotions is well supported by research?

There are several universal emotions.

A brain tumor that results in obesity would most likely be located in the

area of the hypothalamus

Individuals exhibiting a hostile type A personality pattern are at an increased risk for

cardiovascular disease

Although he finds it to be difficult and not much fun, Tomas puts in long hours practicing field hockey in the hope of getting an athletic scholarship to college. This best illustrates the idea of

extrinsic motivation

The overjustification effect has led some psychologists to question the value of

extrinsic motivation

The view that human emotions are universal has been supported by studies of

facial expressions

Carla tutors other students because she likes to be helpful, whereas Jane tutors classmates strictly for pay. Their behaviors demonstrate the difference between

intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Alfred Kinsey used a method that allowed for extensive information to be collected from discussions with individual participants. The research method that he used, and his research contributions, were

personal interviews; sexual behavior in women

An example of a primary drive is

sleeping

Karen had been working overtime to complete a project so that she could go skiing at the end of the month. On the day of her trip, Karen got sick with the flu and had to cancel. Stress hormones had most likely affected her immune system by

suppressing white blood cells called T lymphocytes

Which of the following best depicts the relation between performance and arousal?

upside down u thign