AP EURO Chapter 15

How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the seventeenth century?

Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests.

After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called...

St. Petersburg

How did William Laud, the archbishop of Canterbury, create conflict in Britain in the 1630's

He sought to impose a new prayer book modeled on the Anglican Book of Common Prayer on Presbyterian Scotland.

Within the Ottoman government, who staffed the top levels of the bureaucracy?

The Sultan's Slave Corps

Typically, French classicism

presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity

Why did the English government arrive at a crisis Situation by 1640?

Charles I imposed unwelcome laws and reforms on the country

Political power in the Dutch Republic was

Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen.

What was one of the social consequences of Peter the Great's bureaucratic system?

people of non-noble origin were able to rise to high positions.

Louis XIV selection of councilors

the newly ennobled or upper middle class.

What was the outcome of the heightened central control established by absolutist and constitutional governments?

Growth in armed forces

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?

Large-scales armed conflict over religious faith came to an end.

How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?

Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.

One of the largest rebellions in seventeenth-century Russia was that led by

Stenka Razin

Mercantilist theory postulated that

economic activity should be regulated by and for the state

The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic polices was

the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy

How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century?

Malnutrition made people more susceptible top deadly diseases, which reduced the population significantly.

When speaking of "moral economy," historians are referring to

a Vision of the world in which community needs predominate over competition and profit.

What was the primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution?

A fear of the establishment of Catholic Absolutism by James II

The Baroque Style flourished in the context of the

Catholic Reformation

How did Fredrick William Of Prussia, the Great Elector, persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund the army?

He confirmed the Junkers' privileges, including their authority over the serfs.

How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French State?

He extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of Frances thirty-two districts.

How did Frederick William I, King of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army?

He ordered all Prussian en to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservist

In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the

consolidation of serfdom

The final collapse of Spain as a great military power was symbolized by the defeat at the Battle of Rocroi and the resulting Treaty of...

the Pyrenees

In the 17th century, why did rulers hesitate to crush rebellions?

Armies were expensive to deploy, and rulers feared creating martyrs.

The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that

The power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war.