ap euro chapter 21

in 1848, how did the hungarian revolutionaries envision a future hungary?

as a unified, centralized hungarian nation

The doctrine of laissez faire holds that there should be...

as little government intervention in the economy as possible.

why did klemens von metternich, as austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in europe?

austria was a multiethnic empire, and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic groups threatened to dissolve the empire

Karl Marx argued that socialism would be established

by violent revolution.

in their war of independence against the ottoman empire, the greeks ultimately won the support of

great britain, france, and russia

According to Joseph Proudhon property was...

profit stolen from workers.

How did the Hungarian revolutionaries envision a future Hungary?

As a unified, centralized Hungarian nation.

Why did Klemens von Metternich, as Austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe?

Austria was a multiethnic empire, and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic groups threatened to dissolve the empire.

The Holy Alliance included

Austria, Russia, and Prussia

Which of the following was not part of the Austrian Empire in 1815?

Bavaria

As an inspiration for nationalism, Johann Gottfried von Herder argued that...

each people had its own national genius and cultural unity.

in 1848, what reform did the french government refuse that created a sense of class injustice?

electoral reform

in the nineteenth century, how did ireland's population grow despite extreme poverty?

extensive cultivation of the humble potato

romantics and early nationalists investigated folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs in order to

find the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture

how did charles x of france seek to rally political support for himself in 1830?

he invaded algeria and established a french territory

According to Henri de Saint-Simon, society' parasites include all of the following except

industrialists

Metternich believed that ______ was responsible for the welfare and bloodshed of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.

liberalism

The Revolution of 1848 began in

France

In their war of independence against the Ottoman Empire, the Greeks ultimately won the support of...

Great Britain, France, and Russia.

in the nineteenth century, what did eugène delacriox's work typically feature?

dramatic, colorful scenes

in great britain, the great britain reform bill of 1832

gave greater representation to the new, industrial areas of the nation

Many Europeans and Americans embraced the Greek Revolution for all of the following reason except...

merchants sought access to Greek markets for trade.

The allied powers at the Congress of Vienna were determined to...

avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France.

the karlsbad decrees of 1819

defined an idea of german nationalism built around a common language, culture, and set of values

why was the frankfurt parliament in 1849 unable to create a "greater germany?"

determined to maintain its empire, austria would not agree to a greater germany that separated german-speaking lands from non-german territories in the empire

According to Marx, the driving force in history was the

economic relationship between classes

Lord Byron died

fighting for the Greek independence

the british corn laws of 1815 were enacted with the goal of

forbidding the importation of foreign grain unless prices in britain reached very high DIFF: levels, selfishly benefiting the aristocratic landowners in britain

germaine de staël urged the french to throw away worn-out classical models and extolled the spontaneity and enthusiasm of the writer and thinkers of

germany

how did the french provisional government respond to the worsening depression and rising unemployment in 1848?

it established national workshops to provide employment in public works projects

In Great Britain, the Great Reform Bill of 1832 accomplished all of the following except...

it granted the vote to substantial farmers but not to the middle-class urban population.

According to Marx, the driving force in history was the...

it increased the number of voters by about fifty percent.

what was the effect of france's constitutional charter in the post-napoleonic period?

it secured most of the gains made by the middle class and peasantry durning the french revolution and permitted intellectual and artistic freedom

The National Assembly that met in Frankfurt in 1848 was made up of all the following except

labor union leaders

the peace settlement arrange at Vienna in 1815 included all of the following except

national self-determination

In 1848 in France, the Second Republic instituted all of the following reform except...

permitting both men and women to file for divorce.

in 1830, an unsuccessful revolution failed to re-create the country of

poland

what was the most important influence on the peaceful mid-century reforms in great britain?

political competition between the aristocracy and the middle class

The beliefs and aspirations of the romantics included all of the following except

rejection of nature

the quadruple alliance, the nations that defeated napoleon, included

russia, prussia, austria, and great britain

what was the result of the "june days" in france in 1848?

the triumph of the republican army under general louis cavaignac, after street fighting and the death or injury of more than ten thousand people

According to the text, one of Karl Marx's most important criticisms of the French utopian society was that...

their appeals to the wealthy to help the poor were naive.

what did klemens von metternich and alexander 1 proclaim at the troppau conference in 1820?

their support for the principle of active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes whenever threatened

what was one of karl marx's most important criticisms of the french utopian socialists?

their utopian schemes were not realistic

what did the early french socialist thinkers find disturbing about the emerging industrial society?

they believed that industrial society fermented selfish individualism and split the community into isolated fragments

Metternich: conservative reaction in the german confederation. How did the karlsbad decrees affect the universities and the press throughout the german confederation?

they provided that no publication appearing in the form of daily issues shall go to press without the approval of state officials

The republican in paris, 1848, what did the provisional government promise the nation?

to institute the democratic government that france owes itself

the chartist movement in britain in the 1830s and 1840s demanded

universal male suffrage

composers in the romantic movement

abandoned well-defined structures and used a wide range of forms to evoke powerful emotions

in 1849, the revolution in hungary was brought under control with the help of 130,000 troops sent by

the russian empire

The most important factor influencing the peaceful mid-century reforms in Great Britain was

political competition between the aristocracy and the middle class

The most important factor influencing the peaceful mid-century reforms in Great Britain was...

political competition between the aristocracy and the middle class.

The winners of the Revolution in 1830 in France were

notables

Early French socialists believed in all of the following except

violent class warfare

Adam Mickiewicz and romantic nationalism in poland, Mickiewicz draws parallels between the suffering of jesus and of poland and promises that the polish nation, like jesus, awaits a glorious resurrection. according to Mickiewicz, what would happen after that resurrection?

wars shall cease in all christendom

At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies...

were guided by the principle of the balance of power.

during the prussian revolution in 1848, why did the alliance between middle-class liberals and workers dissolve?

workers demanded a series of democratic and vaguely socialist reforms

The Battle of Peterloo refers to the

working-class demonstration that was broken up by cavalry charges

Which of the following best characterizes the Carlsbad Decrees?

They required members of the German Confederation to root our subversive ideas and to spy on liberal and radical organizations.

The Carlsbad Decrees

instituted repressive measures in the German Confederation

After Austria, _____ was the most important German state

Prussia

How did Charles X of France seek to rally political support for himself?

He invaded Algeria and establish it as a French territory.

Marx's theory of historical events was built on the philosophy of

Hegel

Which of the following events happened first?

the holy alliance is formed

The act that precipitated the Revolution of 1830 in Paris was

Charles X's repudiation of the Constitutional Charter

Romanticism was, in part, a rejection of

Classicism

How did romanticism affect music?

Composers abandoned well-defined structures and used a wide range of forms to evoke powerful emotions.

How was the attention of the National Assembly meeting in Frankfurt diverted from the task of writing a German federal constitution?

Delegates turned attention to Denmark's claims on the largely German-speaking provinces of Schleswig and Holstein.

How did the French provisional government respond to the worsening depression and rising unemployment in 1848?

It established national workshops to provide public works.

Which of the following best describes France's Constitutional Charter?

It secured most of the gains made by the middle class and the peasantry during the Revolution and permitted intellectual and artistic freedom.

How did the landlord leasing patterns in Ireland encourage population growth?

Land leases were for short periods of time, which inhibited people from improving their land and encourage them to have many children as their only source o/d support in old age.

Which French socialist participated in the provisional government formed in Paris after the February 1848 abdication of King Louis Philippe?

Louis Blanc

What was the goal of the British Corn Laws

The Corn Law forbade the importation of foreign grain unless prices in Britain reached very high levels, selfishly benefiting the aristocratic landowners in Britain.

the romantic movement was characterized by

a belief in emotional exuberance and unrestrained imagination

The romantic movement was characterized by all of the following except...

a commitment to romantic love as the highest virtue.

karl marx argued that socialism would be established

by violent revolution

in december 1825, some 3,000 army officers inspired by liberal ideas staged a protest against which new tsar?

nicholas 1

Eugene Delacroix's greatest masterpiece celebrated the

nobility of popular revolution

many europeans and americans embraced the greek revolution because

of a love of greek classical culture

according to joseph proudhon in the nineteenth century, property was

profit stolen from workers

the romantic poet william wordsworth conceived of poetry as the

spontaneous overflow of powerful feeling recollected in tranquility

which social groups comprised "the revolutionary alliance" during the revolutions of 1848 in central europe?

students and urban workers

charles fourier, a utopian socialist, envisioned mathematically precise communities called "phalanxes" and also urged

the abolition of marriage, free unions based only on love, and sexual freedom

All of the following were causative factors of the Revolution of 1848 in Paris except

the closing of the national workshops

what was the driving force in history according to marx in the nineteenth century?

the economic relationship between classes

according to the doctrine of laissez faire, the government should intervene in

the economy as little as possible

what did count henri de saint-simon believe in the nineteenth century?

the key to progress was proper social organization

Count Henri de Saint-Simon believed that...

the key to progress was proper social organization.

what reform did france's second republic institute in 1848?

the right to vote for all adult men

victor hugo's political evolution was exactly the opposite of wordsworth's, whose

youthful radicalism gave way to middle-aged caution