AP Euro Chapter 24 and 25 Study Guide
Who was Alexander Kerensky?
An important liberal and agrarian political leader of the Provisional Government in Russia.
Why were Jewish immigrants in the nineteenth century unlikely to return to their native lands?
Because of violent Antisemitism in Eastern Europe The possibility of buying land in their home country
What was Britain's decisive advantage in its war with China?
Britain had control of the seas
What did the Treaty of Nanking require of the Chinese?
Cede the island of Hong Kong to Britain forever Pay an indemnity of $100 million Open up four large cities to unlimited foreign trade with low tariffs
What was the immediate cause of the British entry into the First World War?
German invasion of neutral Belgium
How did Lenin respond to the peasants' seizure of land when he rose to power in 1917?
He mandated land reform in order to offer his approval for what the peasants had already done.
Why did Austria-Hungary deliberately choose war in July 1914?
It hoped to stem the tide of hostile nationalism within its borders
Who assassinated Rasputin in 1916?
Nationalist aristocrats
What medication proved to be effective in controlling Malaria?
Quinine
What did the "war guilt clause" in the Treaty of Versailles declare?
That Germany (with Austria) was solely responsible for the war and had to pay reparations
How did the Bolsheviks view of the Marxist Party in Russia differ from the Mensheviks view?
The Bolsheviks wanted a small, disciplined party, while the Mensheviks wanted a democratic party with mass membership
To what extent did new imperialism result in economic gains and why?
The gains were limited because the new colonies were too poor to buy European goods and offered few immediately profitable investments
How did the war on the eastern front differ from the war on the western front?
The offensives on the western front were depressingly similar slaughters of infantry units
DBQ: How did women affect World War I?
The role of women changed dramatically Worked in industries, offices, and on the front-lines They hoped this would help break down the gender barriers Greater social equality was promoted
Why did the Germans accept the Treaty of Versailles?
They had little alternative, especially as the naval blockade was still in place and the German people were starving
How did the British obtain the opium they smuggled into China?
Opium was grown legally in British-occupied India
What did the Petrograd Soviet Army Order No. 1 state?
That military officers were to be stripped of their authority and that power was to be placed in the hands of the elected committees of soldiers
What did the Schlieffen Plan call for in 1914?
A lightning attack through neutral Belgium and a quick defeat of France before turning on Russia
What issue contributed to tensions between Germany and Great Britain in the first decade of the 1900s?
An intense commercial rivalry and the German decision to construct a large world-class navy
Which nations joined the war on the side of Central Powers?
Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
What did the Battle of the Marne do?
Germany's initial offensive was stopped It also marked the beginning of the German downfall in the war
Why did Great Britain choose to seize land in Africa and Asia in the late nineteenth century?
Great Britain feared that France and Germany would seal off their empires with high tariffs, and Great Britain would lose future economic opportunities
What did Lenin believe about Imperialism?
He believed that imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism
What was George Clemenceau's opinion at the Paris Peace Conference?
He wanted to create a buffer state between Germany and France
What was the result of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
It set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers
What was the goal of New Imperialism of the late nineteenth century?
It was a frantic activity to create vast overseas empires
What was Bismarck's alliance system designed to do?
It was designed to isolate France and to maintain peace between Russia and Austria-Hungary
What was the principle of effective occupation?
It was the principle by which the European powers established their claim to an African territory after the Berlin Conference
Following the First World War, what was one of the most difficult domestic problems faced by governments?
Providing care for the large number of injured veterans
What was the fatal turning point in the Russian prosecution of the war?
The tsar's decision to assume command of Russia's armies, leaving the government in the hands of the strong-willed, autocratic tsarina
Rudyard Kipling's "white man's burden" referred to what?
The white race's supposed duty to civilize inferior, nonwhite races