AP Euro Exam
This person was a pioneer of new agricultural techniques and invented the seed drill.
Jethro Tull
The moveable type printing press was invented by
Johann Gutenberg
It appears that in Renaissance society black africans were
valued as servants, laborers, craftsmen, and entertainers.
In the summer of 1789, the National Assembly was driven toward more radical action by
revolutionary actions of French peasants and the common people of Paris
Luther's purpose in writing "the ninety-five theses" was
that indulgences undermined the sacrament of penance
The French Monarch's right to appoint bishops and abbots was confirmed by
the Concordat of Bologna.
The shift that occurred as families in northwestern Europe focused in earning wages instead of producing goods for consumption was called
the industrious revolution
In the fifteenth century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the Middle East, the Turkish Ottomans and the
Persian Safavids
Which pope excommunicated Martin Luther?
Pope Leo X
The council of trent was called by which pope?
Pope Paul III
Copernicus' theory of the universe
Postulated a sun-centered view of the universe.
Generally, the major new source of criminals after the Hundred Year's War was
the nobility
French foreign policy under Richelieu focused primarily on the
Prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France.
Johannes Kepler believed that the elliptical orbit of planets
Produced a musical harmony of heavenly bodies
The transformation of large numbers of small peasants farmers into landless rural wage owners is called?
Proletarianization
Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?
Prussia, Russia, and Austria
To improve the rural economy and the lives of the peasants, Empress Maria Theresa
Reduced Nobles' power over their serfs
The process of merchants loaning raw materials to rural workers, who processed them into finished products was called.
the putting-out system
For the French, the turning point of the Hundred Year's war was
the relief of Orleans
The industrious revolution affected families by
reducing their economic self-sufficiency while increasing their ability to purchase consumer goods
The effect of the Hundred Years' War on England was that it
resulted in a great net loss in cash
which of the statements about Florence at the time of the Renaissance is false? Its major industry was wool production It lost nearly half its population to the Black Death It was a major banking center It was an important mediterranean port city.
It was an important mediterranean port city.
This book on education sought to train, discipline, and fashion the young man in the country ideal; a gentle man who could compose a sonnet, wrestle, sing, play instruments, solve mathematical equations, and speak and write eloquently.
"The Courtier"
Catherine the Great of Russia came to power in 1762 through
A coup of her husband Peter III
The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was
A fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II.
A period of time in Europe from the mid-1600s through the mid-1800s during which the fallowing of fields was gradually eliminated
Agricultural Revolution
Which of the following correctly characterizes the response of various religious perspectives to Copernicus's hypothesis?
Calvin and Luther condemned Copernicus, while Catholic reaction was mild at first and only declared his hypothesis false in the seventeenth century.
What were the political implications related to the peace of Augsburg? Charles V did not accept the peace Charles V eventually abdicated the throne Charles V handed over reign to his son Henry IV of France all of the above both b and c
Charles V eventually abdicated the throne
The French king who began economic and political recovery in the early 15th century was
Charles VII
¨... And since in faith alone justifies, it is evident that by no outwards work of labour, can the inward man be at all justified, made free, and saved; and that no works whatever have any relation to him... therefore the first care of every christian ought to be to lay aside all reliance on works, and strengthen his faith alone more and more, and by it grow in knowledge, not of works, but of christ Jesus, who has suffered and risen again for him...¨ By this Martin Luther meant...
Faith alone achieves salvation
At the time of Martin Luther, the Catholic church's belief on salvation is one of...
Faith and good works
The Renaissance began in
Florence
The Enlightened policies of Frederick II of Prussia included all of the following except
Freeing the Prussian serfs
What was the economic effect of Napoleon's Continental System?
French artisans and the middle class suffered, for they were economically damaged by the blockade of Great Britain
How did the Concordat resolve the crisis over Catholocism in France in the Napoleonic era?
The Catholic Church gained the right to practice religion freely, while the French state gained greater control over the nomination of church officer and church activities
Why did the directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments?
The Directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed
A document issued by Henry IV of France in 1598, granting liberty of conscience and of public worship, was called....
The Edict of Nantes
Which of the following statements about Joan of Arc is false? she dressed like a man The English king was her greatest supporter she was accused of being a heretic and was burned she was from a peasant family
The English king was her greatest supporter
In chronological order, what were the three successive commercial empires established by Europeans in the fifteenth, sixteenth, and seventeenth centuries
The Portuguese, the Spanish, and the Dutch
How did the encomienda system function?
The Spanish crown granted conquerors the right to employ or forced labor from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter, a disguised form of slavery.
What two fundamental principles of the French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code?
The equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property
What was the goal of the Committee of Public Safety?
To use dictorial powers to respond to threats to France from wihtout and within
The catholic church believed the interpretation of Holy Communion was through memorial, that Christ was present in spirit, not literally Christ as a symbol Transubstantiation, where the bread and wine are converted to the blood and body. None of the above
Transubstantiation, where the bread and wine are converted to the blood and body.
Swiss Religious reformer, only second to Luther in impact on the Reformation.
Ulrich Zwingli
Joseph II's conversation of Labor obligations to cash payments
Was opposed by both nobles and peasants
Rousseau believed that
Women were best suited to a passive role in social relations
The term Renaissance means
a resurgence of art and culture in the 14th through 16th centuries.
Renaissance humanists, Desiderius Erasmus wrote, The Praise of Folly which is about.....
a satire of worldly wisdom and spontaneous Christian faith of children
In the wake of the Great Fear in the summer of 1789, the National Assembly restored order by
abolishing all of the the old noble and church privileges
Political effects relating to the Edict of Nantes include: ending strife between Catholics and Huguenots a politique Henry IV to reign as a strong monarch giving Huguenots liberty to worship in France Catholicism remaining a majority religion in France. all of the above
all of the above
The conciliar movement was
an attempt to place ultimate church authority in a general council.
The War of Roses were
civil war between the English ducal houses of York and Lancaster
The National Assembly that ruled France from 1789 to 1791 passed laws that
declared all men and women to be equal
The best description of Machiavelli's The Prince is that it is
description of how government should be organized and and implemented.
The Treaty of Tordesillas-
divided the Atlantic Ocean with an imaginary line, giving Spain control of everything west of the line and Portugal everything east of the line.
Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tycho Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as
empiricism
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guaranteed
equality before law
The legal definition of the composition of the pre-revolutionary third estate included
everyone who was not a noble or member or the clergy
The idea of being a Machiavellian ruler means
governments and their leaders should be judged by how well they provide security, order, and safety to their people.
The effect of the Navigation acts was to
grant British merchants a monopoly on trade with British colonies
One criricism of the enclosure movement is that
it came at the expense of the poor peasants who relied on the common fields
Chaucer's Canterbury Tales is important, because
it reflects the cultural tensions of the times
The men elected to represent the third estate at the Estates General were primarily
lawyers and government officials
The Partons of the Renaissance were mostly
merchants and bankers
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate is best described as a
military dictatorship.
In his Essay Concerning Human Understanding, John Locke claimed that
Human development is determined by education and society
In eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the
Consolidation of serfdom.
Napoleon Bonaparte was born in
Corsica
A stage of industrial development in which rural workers used hand tools in their homes to manufacture goodson a large scale for sale in a market.
Cottage industry
Henry VIII's break with Rome was the result of what disagreement with the Catholic Church?
Divorce
The belief that free trade and competition, as stated by Adam Smith would benefit all individuals regardless of class.
Economic Liberalism
The movement to fence in fields in order to farm more effectively is called?
Enclosure movement
Luther, Zwingli, and other protestants agreed on many ideas. Which idea did they not agree on?
Eucharist
How did Napoleon consolidate his rule?
He appealed both to disillusioned revolutionaries and members of the old nobility and offered them high posts in the expanding centralized state.
In general, what was Voltaire's attitude toward government?
He believed that a good monarch was the best one could hope for
How did Frederick William the Great Elector of Prussia persuade the Junker nobility to accept taxation without consent in order to fund an army
He confirmed the Junker's privileges, including their authority over the serfs.
How did Frederick William I, King of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army?
He ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists.
Which of the following correctly identifies Napoleon Bonaparte's background?
He won brilliant victories in Italy in 1796 and and 1797
The Late 15th century ruler of England who ended the civil war and strengthened the crown was
Henry VII
Which of the following statements about the Hundred Years' War is true? It discouraged representative government. It depressed the English wool trade. It increased the amount of arabic land in England. It created a surplus of manpower.
It depressed the English wool trade
How did the National assembly respond to the hopes and expectaions of Saint-Dominigue's? different social groups?
It frusturated the hopes of all the different social groups
Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution?
It universalized the traditional rights of English people and made them the rights of all mankind
Initially the Hundred Years' War was fought over
King Edward III's claim to the French crown.
Which of the following did NOT participate in the Hundred Years' War? Edward III of England King Philip the Fair Joan of Arc The Dauphin Charles of France
King Philip the Fair
How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history
Large scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end.
The followers of the English theologian-reformer John Wyclif were called
Lollards
How did the Treaty of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne?
Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that the French and Spanish thrones would never be united.
Which English ruler moved England back to Catholicism once in power?
Mary tudor (Mary I)
Philip II of spain invaded England in 1588 because
Mary, Queen of Scots was executed
What occurred during the Hundred Days in France?
Napoleon returned from the exile to rule France briefly
The attack on the Bastille had what political effect?
The king's plan to reassert his authority were forestalled, permitting the National Assembly to continue its work
Which best describes the open-field system?
The land was divided into long, narrow strips that were not enclosed
In Persian Letters, what did the Baron de Montesquieu use to symbolize Eastern political tyranny?
The oppression of women in a Persian harem
The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was
The subordination of all groups and institutions to the monarchy.
What does Abbe de Sieyes say about the third estate?
The third estate contains everything that pertains to the nation, and thus it is everything
Why did members of the National Convention turn against Robespierre on the Ninth of Thermidor?
They believed that Robespierre might soon have them arrested and executed
English lawyer who wrote the book Utopia
Thomas Moore
Which of the following are fundamental themes to Erasmus's work? a.Education reform without religion b.Education is a means to reform, the key to moral and intellectual improvement. c.Study of the bible and the classics d.all of the above e.b and c only
b and c only
Renaissance men's view of educated women was that they should
be allowed to add a social touch to the household, but otherwise remain subservient to men
Political provisions relating to the council of trent include: a.the sale of indulgences b.reforming the Catholic Church c.reconciling with Protestants and Lutherans d.all of the above e.both b and c
both b and c
The War of Spanish Succession ended in 1713 and forced France to cede Newfoundland, Nova, Scotia, and Hudson bay to Britain in
the Peace of Utrecht
English military innovation(s) during the Hundred Years' War included
the cannon and longbow.
The organization of artisanal production into trade-based associations was called
the guild system
The court of the Star Chamber in England was
used to check aristocratic power
