Ap Euro Final (2)

George Stephenson invented this, the first functional locomotive known as the...

"Rocket"

What did the Chartists want?

All men to have the right to vote

The highest-ranking members of the Russian nobility

Boyars

This ruler attempted to rule as an absolutist but lost the English Civil War & was executed :(

Charles I

What was the greatest achievement of 18th Century Medical Science?

Conquest of Smallpox

What 1815 document secured most the gains made by the middle class & the peasantry during the French Revolution?

Constitutional Charter of Louis XVIII

Many Enlightenment Philosophes were _________, believing that God was like a watchmaker

Deists

What law permitted French Calvinists to worship in 150 towns?

Edict of Nantes

What law limited the work of children and thereby broke the pattern of families working together in factories?

Factory Act of 1833

All of the following powers participated in the partitioning of Poland EXCEPT:

France

Who wrote that the British middle classes were guilty of "mass murder" and "wholesale robbery"?

Friedrich Engles

He was an advocate of industrialization that supported a German customs union known as the Zollverein:

Friedrich List

He won a civil war & changed his religion to become the King of France

Henry IV (4th)

Who believed that mankind is inherently evil & an absolute ruler was required to prevent civil war?

Hobbes

How did Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity?

It synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system.

This person argued that man in his natural state--a "noble savage"--was superior to man in his "civilized" state:

Jean Jacques Rousseau

France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of:

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

The Glorious Revolution and the concept of representative government found its best defense in the Second Treatise of Civil Government by

John Locke

The nobility of Brandenburg & Prussia; they were reluctant allies of Frederick William I in his consolidation of the Prussian state

Junkers

The political philosophy of John Locke most clearly reflects which of the following movements?

Liberalism

Who wrote the Second Treatise on Civil Government?

Locke

He was advised by Cardinal Richelieu

Louis XIII (13th)

This was the "Sun King"

Louis XIV (14th)

He made an alliance with Austria & lost the War of Austrian Succession

Louis XV (15th)

He was executed for treason during the French Revolution

Louis XVI (16th)

This person helped spread Newton's ideas by translating his Principia into French:

Madame du Chatelet

The aggressiveness of Prussia, Austria, and Russia led to the disappearance of which eastern European kingdom from the map after 1795?

Poland

Catherine the Great of Russia hardened her position on serfdom after the

Pugachev Rebellion

How did railroads affect the nature of production?

Railroads permitted factories to be established anywhere, without concern for access to other resources

The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the aristocracy:

Sans-Culottes

Who forced the king & the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?

Several thousand Parisian women

After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called:

St. Petersburg

Which book claimed that its fundamental goal was to "change the general way of thinking?"

The Encyclopedia

This was the core concept of the Enlightenment:

The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life

David Ricardo's iron law of wages states that:

The pressure of population growth will always sink wages to subsistence level.

At the center of Adam Smith's arguments in The Wealth of Nations was the belief that:

The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of citizens

Why didn't cottage workers like the new factory system?

They didn't like having to keep up with the machine's tempo

Who argued that population tends to increase beyond the means of subsistence?

Thomas Malthus

What was the major breakthrough in energy & power supplies that catalyzed the industrial revolution?

Watt's development of the steam engine

The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was:

a fear of a Catholic absolutist monarchy

The reign of Peter the Great was characterized by

constant warfare

Political Power in the Dutch Republic was:

controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen

Mercantilist theory postulated that

economic activity should be regulated by and for the state.

Mercantilist theory postulated that

economic activity should be regulated by the state

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Brahe & Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as:

empiricism

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate as ultimately a

military dictatorship

According to Adam Smith, harmony and progress would result from

the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market.

The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was

the subordination of everything to the monarchy

The tendency to hire family units in the early factories was...

usually a response to the wishes of the families

In the eighteenth century, the diet of the poorer classes consisted largely of bread and:

vegetables