Ap Euro Final (2)
George Stephenson invented this, the first functional locomotive known as the...
"Rocket"
What did the Chartists want?
All men to have the right to vote
The highest-ranking members of the Russian nobility
Boyars
This ruler attempted to rule as an absolutist but lost the English Civil War & was executed :(
Charles I
What was the greatest achievement of 18th Century Medical Science?
Conquest of Smallpox
What 1815 document secured most the gains made by the middle class & the peasantry during the French Revolution?
Constitutional Charter of Louis XVIII
Many Enlightenment Philosophes were _________, believing that God was like a watchmaker
Deists
What law permitted French Calvinists to worship in 150 towns?
Edict of Nantes
What law limited the work of children and thereby broke the pattern of families working together in factories?
Factory Act of 1833
All of the following powers participated in the partitioning of Poland EXCEPT:
France
Who wrote that the British middle classes were guilty of "mass murder" and "wholesale robbery"?
Friedrich Engles
He was an advocate of industrialization that supported a German customs union known as the Zollverein:
Friedrich List
He won a civil war & changed his religion to become the King of France
Henry IV (4th)
Who believed that mankind is inherently evil & an absolute ruler was required to prevent civil war?
Hobbes
How did Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity?
It synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system.
This person argued that man in his natural state--a "noble savage"--was superior to man in his "civilized" state:
Jean Jacques Rousseau
France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of:
Jean-Baptiste Colbert
The Glorious Revolution and the concept of representative government found its best defense in the Second Treatise of Civil Government by
John Locke
The nobility of Brandenburg & Prussia; they were reluctant allies of Frederick William I in his consolidation of the Prussian state
Junkers
The political philosophy of John Locke most clearly reflects which of the following movements?
Liberalism
Who wrote the Second Treatise on Civil Government?
Locke
He was advised by Cardinal Richelieu
Louis XIII (13th)
This was the "Sun King"
Louis XIV (14th)
He made an alliance with Austria & lost the War of Austrian Succession
Louis XV (15th)
He was executed for treason during the French Revolution
Louis XVI (16th)
This person helped spread Newton's ideas by translating his Principia into French:
Madame du Chatelet
The aggressiveness of Prussia, Austria, and Russia led to the disappearance of which eastern European kingdom from the map after 1795?
Poland
Catherine the Great of Russia hardened her position on serfdom after the
Pugachev Rebellion
How did railroads affect the nature of production?
Railroads permitted factories to be established anywhere, without concern for access to other resources
The laboring poor of Paris, so called because the men wore trousers instead of the knee breeches of the aristocracy:
Sans-Culottes
Who forced the king & the royal family to abandon Versailles and return to Paris?
Several thousand Parisian women
After his victory in 1709 at Poltava, Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called:
St. Petersburg
Which book claimed that its fundamental goal was to "change the general way of thinking?"
The Encyclopedia
This was the core concept of the Enlightenment:
The methods of natural science should be used to examine all aspects of life
David Ricardo's iron law of wages states that:
The pressure of population growth will always sink wages to subsistence level.
At the center of Adam Smith's arguments in The Wealth of Nations was the belief that:
The pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve the living conditions of citizens
Why didn't cottage workers like the new factory system?
They didn't like having to keep up with the machine's tempo
Who argued that population tends to increase beyond the means of subsistence?
Thomas Malthus
What was the major breakthrough in energy & power supplies that catalyzed the industrial revolution?
Watt's development of the steam engine
The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was:
a fear of a Catholic absolutist monarchy
The reign of Peter the Great was characterized by
constant warfare
Political Power in the Dutch Republic was:
controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen
Mercantilist theory postulated that
economic activity should be regulated by and for the state.
Mercantilist theory postulated that
economic activity should be regulated by the state
Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Brahe & Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as:
empiricism
Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate as ultimately a
military dictatorship
According to Adam Smith, harmony and progress would result from
the pursuit of self-interest in a competitive market.
The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was
the subordination of everything to the monarchy
The tendency to hire family units in the early factories was...
usually a response to the wishes of the families
In the eighteenth century, the diet of the poorer classes consisted largely of bread and:
vegetables
