Ap Euro Final Semester 1 Study

In the seventeenth century, why did rulers hesitate to crush rebellions

Armies were expensive to deploy and rulers feared creating martyrs

How did the nature of armed forces change in the latter half of the seventeenth century?

Army officers became obedient to monarchs instead of serving their own interests

Political power in the Dutch republic was

Controlled by an oligarchy of wealthy businessmen.

What was Hernan Cortese's crutial advantage in his conquest of the Mexica Empire

Cortez was able to exploit internal dissention within the Mexica Empire

Who was the wealthy Florentine responsible for the vast patronage of Renaissance artists?

Cosimo de Medici

which of the following characterizes the role of Europe in the system of world trade prior to the voyage of columbus

Europe was a minor outpost that produced few products desired by other civilizations

Which of the following identifies the term race in the Renaissance?

Groupings of people based on ethnic, national , or religious factors

Which of the following characterizes Girolamo Savonarola

He came to power in Florence denouncing vice and corruption, but as people tired of his moral denunciations, he lost authority

How did Fredrick William I, king of Prussia, sustain agricultrual production while dramatically expanding the size of his army

He offered all Prussian men to undergo military training after which they could return home and serve as army reservists

According to his agreement with the Spanish Crown, what rewards would Columbus receive if he found a water route to Asia?

He would be names viceroy over any territories he discovered and receive 1/10 of the material rewards of the Journey

France's strong economy was created by the mercantilist policies of

Jean-Baptiste Colbert

Who was the most prominent metal smith who helped develop metal movable print

Johann Gutenburg

In music, the baroque style reached is culmination in the work of

Johann Sebastian Bach

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history?

Large scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end

Portugal's participation in European expansion was given critical support by

Prince Henry

Which of the following correctly characterizes the response of various religious perspectives to Nicolaus Copernicus's hypothesis

Protestants rejected COpernicus's ideas that the earth moved, while the Catholic church largely overlooked his theory until declaring the hypothesis false in the 17th century

Which powers participated in the partitioning of Poland in the late eighteenth century?

Prussia, Russia, and Austria

The Junkers were

Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state

What French word was coined by historian Giorgio Vasari to describe the "rebirth" of the culture of classical antiquity

Renaissance

How did famines affect the European population in the seventeenth century?

Malnutrition made people suceptible to deadly dseases, which reduced the population significantly

Why did Eliabeth I have her cousin and heir Mary, Queen of Scots, executed

Mary became implicated in a plot to assassinate Elizabeth

Which of the following best describes Martin Luther;s doctrine of salvation

Salvation cam through faith alone as a free gift of God's grace

What mistaken belief did the Count-Duke of Olivares hold that brought disaster to Spain?

Spain must return to the imperial tradition of the sixteenth century in order to solve its economic and political difficulties

How di dportuguese merchants obtain most of their slaves in Africa

The traded for slaves with local leaders

Which of the following inhibited women;s sucess as painters in the Renaissance

They could not work in public where the fresco technique was done

How did the princes of Moscow seek to legitimize their authority as rulers of an independent state?

They modeled their rule on the Mongol Khans

how did the Calvinists inderstand the idea of work or labor

Work was the consequence of sin entering the world; it marked the shame of humankind

The Calvinist doctrine of predestination led to

a confidence among calvinists in their own salvation

The primary cause of theEnglish Glorious Revolution was

a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II

Luther's ideas about Roman exploitation of Germany

appealed to the national sentiment of German princes

Mercantilist theory postulated that

economic activity should be regulated by and for the state

The Calloquy of Marburg

failed to resolve the differences amon Protestands on the issue of the Eucharist

Bartolome de Las Casas asserted that the Indians

had human right

what did Columbus beleive he had found when he arrived in the Caribbean

islands off the coast of Japan

What did the Treaty of Tordesillas do?

it divided the atlantic ocean, giving spain control ofeverything west of an imaginary line and portugal everything east of the line

In early Renaissance Italy, are

manifested ocrporate power.

Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate was ultimately a

military dictatorship

Louis XIv selected councilors from the

newly ennobled or upper middle class.

Luther viewed celibacy as

opposed to human nature and God's commandments

In addition to reforming the church, what was the other goal of the Council of Trent?

securing reconciliation with the protestants

Italian humanist stressed the

study of the classics for what they could reveal about human nature

According to the text, Thomas More's Utopia was remarkable for its time because it asserted that

the problems plaguing society could be solved by a beneficent government

In terms of gender relations, Renaissance humanists argued that

women's sphere of activity was private and domestic

At the time of his death, Columbus believed the islands he found were

off the coast of Asia

French foreign policy under Richelieu focused primarily on the

prevention of the Habsburgs from unifying the territories surrounding France

Johannes Kepler beleived that the eliptical orbit of the planets

produced a musical harmony of the heavenly bodies

According to Machiavelli, government should be judged on wether it

provided order, security, and saftey of the populace

The reformation in england was primarily the result of

the dynastic and romantic concerns of Henry VIII

The edict of nantes

Granted French Huguenots the right to worship in 150 towns.

What aided Martin Luther as his call for reform emerged

Luther understood the power of the new printing press and authorized the publication of his work

What florentine artist was commissioned by Pope Julius II to build his tomb and paint the Sistine Chapel

Michelangelo

In the fifteenth century, two rival Islamic empires dominated the Middle East; the Turkish Ottomans and the

Mongol Khans

The Spanish conversos were which of the following

Muslim converts to Christianity following the fall of the Granda

Who resisted the Portuguese efforts to gain control over Indian Ocean trade?

Muslim-controlled port cities

Why did a unified Italian state fail to develop in the 15th century

Political loyalty and feeling centered on a passionate attachment to the individual city-state

After his victory in 1709 at Potava Peter the Great built a new, Western-style city on the Baltic called

St. Petersburg

What educational book by Baldassare Castiglione provided a treatise on training a young man in the discipline and fashion needed for the courtly ideal of being a gentleman

The Courtier

In chronological order, what were the 3 successice commercial empires established byEuropeans in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries

The Portuguese, the Spanish, and the Dutch

How did the encomienda system function?

The Spanish Crown granted conquerors the right to employ or demand tribute from groups of Native Americans in exchange for providing food and shelter.

How did the Spanish respond to the trap set by the Inca King Atahualpa

The Spanish ambushed and caputred Atahualpa, holding him for ransom and then executing him

Which of the following best characterizes the Renaissance idea of virtu?

The ability to shape the world around oneself according to one's will

How did the Spanish monarchy seek to maintain control over its colonies

The monarchy established intendants with broad administrative and finantial authority who were responsible directly to the monarchy

What was the basis of financial support for the evolution of the renaissance artists

The patronage of wealthy individuals and rulers

How did the choice to embrace or reject the reform movement occur in a territoy or region in the Holy Roman Empire

The political leaders of the territory or region determined wheather to introduce reforms

The English political philosopler Thomas Hobbes hed that

the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war

What was the fate of most people brought before the Inquisition and accused of witchcraft?

they were sent home with a warning and ordered to do penance

Martin Luther's first response to the Peasant's Wat was

to side with the peasants

As a result of the Peace of Augsburg the people of Germany

became either Lutheran or Catholic depending on the preference of their prince

In Eastern Europe between 1500 and 1650, the growth of commercial agriculture was accompanied by the

consolidation of serfdom

which of the following was a major motivation for european exploration

desire for material profit

John Calvin rejected the idea of free will because he beleived it would

detract from the sovereignty of God

Which of the following was one of the central components of the Italian Renaissance

A glorification of the individual genius

What did the Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre lead to

A lengthy civil war

How did Magellan's circumnavigation of the globe affect Spanish colonization?

The difficult waters of the Straights of Magellan led SPain to focus on developing its colonies in the Eastern parts of the Americas

The most important factor in the emergence of the Italian Renaissance was the great commercial revival in Italy

The great commercial revival in Italy

In the early 16th century, anticlericalism focused primarily on which of the following issues

The immorality of preists who were drunkards and neglected the rule of celibacy

Why did a woman's work reveive less compensation than a man's work

The traditional work associated with women was unskilled and, therefore more widely performed

Why did the Protestants allow the dissoltion of marriages in divorce

They veiwed marriage as a contract for mutual support, and married partners who failed to provide support endangered their souls and the entire community.

Luther beleived that the church consisted of

a spiritual priesthood of all christian beleivers