AP Euro Study Guide Fall 2017

Which of the following characterizes the English Revolution of 1688:

the revolution did not constitute a democratic revolutions since sovereignty was placed in the Parliament, which only represented the upper classes

Stimulus: The document above refers to "the asserting of their ancient rights". What is the meaning of this phrase:

the rights Parliament had taken upon itself over the many years of its existence

The Religious Peace of Augsburg settled the Lutheran problem by adopting the principle that:

the ruler of each territory determined the religion there

Stimulus: Which best explains the patterns of declining industrialization in China and India during the 19th century:

the search for raw materials and markets for manufactured goods drove Europeans to colonize Asia

The guiding force behind Cardinal Richelieu's domestic policies was:

the subordination of all institutions to the monarchy

What did Klemens Von Metternich and Alexander I proclaim at the Troppau Conference in 1820:

their support for the principle of active intervention to maintain all autocratic regimes whenever threatened

Why was one of Karl Marx's most important criticisms of the French utopian socialists:

their utopian schemes were not realistic

Women benefited from the Black Death because:

there were new employment opportunities

Who was the most prominent metal smith who helped develop metal movable print:

Johann Guttenberg

which of the following would have been the strongest opponent if a belief advocated by Bossuet:

John Locke

How did the Peace of Utrecht resolve the problem of succession to the Spanish throne:

Louis XIV of France's grandson, Philip, was placed on the French throne with the agreement that French and Spanish thrones would never be united

The French government and aristocracy responded to the Jacquerie by:

massacring the participants

Which of the following statements best describes the marriage in Renaissance Italy:

men and women waited longer to get married than the Middle Ages

In what way did the life of French peasants change after the French Revolution:

more peasants owned their own small farms rather than renting their land from nobles

What Florentine artist was commissioned by Pope Julius II to build his tomb and paint the Sistine Chapel:

Michelangelo

What occurred during the 100 Days in France:

Napoleon returned from exile to rule France briefly

Map Stimulus: The configuration of slave ports in West Africa was most likely a cause of:

international wars over trade routes

Joseph II's conversion of peasant labor obligations to cash payments:

was opposed by both nobles and peasants

One of the largest rebellions in 17th century Russia was that led by:

Stenka Razin

Typically, French classicism:

presented subject matter associated with classical antiquity

In 17th and 18th century Europe, guild masters:

guarded their guild privileges jealousy

Stimulus: Which of the following represents the author's major view of society:

man is born in a pure state of nature, but is corrupted by society

Stimulus: The typical peasant life described in Vauban's book explains one reason for:

peasants revolts during the French Revolution and their support of the revolutionary government

The Italian merchant whose tales of the court of Kublai Khan popularized China in Europe was:

Marco Polo

One important mode of influencing public opinion, used by the English and French Kings during the 100 Year's War, was:

instructing priests to deliver patriotic sermons

Stimulus: Which of the following 19th century political responses to industrialization best addresses the concerns of Ann Eggley as expressed in the excerpt above:

interventionist social policies

Dante's Divine Comedy

is considered synthesis of medieval Christian thought

One change in the slave trade seen after 1750 was:

the English took more control over the slave trade as a result of the Colonial Wars

The spread of Luther's ideas was most aided by:

the invention of the printing press

Stimulus: Which phrase summarizes what the author of this excerpt considers to be the fundamental reason why women should be treated sequels to men:

"..go back to animals, consult the elements , study plants, ... and .. search .. the sexes.. everywhere they cooperate in harmonious togetherness.."

The period of climate change in Europe between 1300 and 1450 is known as the:

"little ice age"

Who was the author of On Crimes and Punishments , a passionate plea for reform of the penal system:

Cesare Beccaria

How did the idea of "race" transform Europeans' idea of their superiority over other peoples:

European superiority was increasingly defined as biologically superior as well as culturally superior

Stimulus: Which of the following was a consequence of the Columbian exchange referenced by Diamond:

European's expansion of the African slave trade

How did minority groups suffer during the subsistence crises of the 14th century:

Jews and lepers were accused of poisoning wells to kill Christians, and, as a result, many were killed, beaten or heavily fined

Which powers participated in the portioning of Poland in the late 18th century:

Prussia, Austria, Russia

The Junkers were:

Prussian nobles who reluctantly worked with Frederick William to consolidate the Prussian state

Stimulus: Which of following individuals would be least supportive of the views expressed in this excerpt:

Queen Victoria of England

Stimulus: Which of the following best reflects the result of the negotiations detailed in the excerpt:

Realpolitik strategies, combined with popular military campaigns, led to the unification of Italy

Stimulus: The ideas of the first excerpt were a direct challenge to which of the following thinkers of the era:

Rene Descartes

Stimulus: "Everyone gets their fair share, so there are never any poor beggars. Nobody owns anything, but everyone is rich- for what greater wealth can there be than cheerfulness, peace of mind, and freedom of anxiety? Instead go being worried about his food supply, upset by the plaintive demands of his wife, afraid of poverty for his son." This quote describes the ideal society in what humanist's work:

Thomas More

Stimulus: Some ideas seen in Robespierre's speech above are a continuation of:

the Renaissance ideal of civic humanism

The Catholic Reformation's ultimate refusal to compromise with the Protestants was exemplified by:

the Roman Inquisition and the creation of the Index

Which of the following would most directly challenge the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke:

the aristocracy

Mercantilist theory postulated that:

economic activity should be regulated by and for the state

Why did Klemens Von Metternich, an Austrian foreign minister, have to oppose the spread of nationalism in Europe:

Austria was a multiethnic empire, and the spread of nationalism among its different ethnic groups threatened to dissolve the empire

Stimulus: Which of the following 19th century trends thwarted the Italian objectives pursued by Cavour in his negotiations with Napoleon III:

Austrian foreign policy aimed to suppress nationalist and liberal revolutions in central and eastern Europe since 1815

England's break with the Roman Church became official with the passage of the:

Act of Supremacy

The major critic of the Spanish treatment of the American natives was:

Bartolome de Las Casas

Stimulus: The excerpts above most directly reflect which of the following developments:

Britain's ready supply of coal and iron ore, and other essential raw materials, promoted industrial growth

Who was the wealthy Florentine responsible of the vast patronage of Renaissance artists:

Cosimo de Medici

One major issue behind the 100 Year's War was a claim to the French throne by the English king:

Edward III

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke would most likely agree on which of the following statements:

Enlightened absolutism is an ideal form of government

Why was France unable to manage its debt in the 18th century,even though that debt was much smaller, relative to its population, than the debt of either Great Britain or Holland:

France lacked a central bank and paper currency

Stimulus: Which of the following choices best explains the patterns shown in the table above:

France moved toward industrialization at a more gradual pace than Great Britain, with government support ad less dislocation of traditional methods of production

Stimulus: At the same time that this speech was being given:

France's army was at war with neighboring countries

Martin Luther wished to gain the support of which groups of people to further his efforts against the Catholic Church

German nobles and princes

What was the commercial and military league set up off the north coast of Germany:

Hanseatic League

Stimulus: The ideas in the excerpt contributed to the conditions that fostered what subsequent event:

Industrialization in Prussia allowed that state to become a leader of a unified Germany

Stimulus: The document above was written in response to:

James II's usurpation of traditional Parliamentary rights and privileges

Who wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Man (1790) and a Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792), the latter a funding text of the feminist movement:

Mary Wollstonecraft

Stimulus: The directives expressed in this excerpt were the primary results of which of the following 19th century developments:

Mechanization and the factory system became the predominant modes of production

What educational book by Baldassarre Castiglione provided a treatise on training a young man in the discipline and fashion needed for the courtly ideal of being a gentlemen:

The Courtier

The treaty that ended the 7 Year's War in Europe and the colonies in 1763:

Treaty of Paris

In conduct of 100 Year's War, sure sign of feudalism's decline was the:

decisive role of peasant foot soldiers rather than mounted knights

Stimulus: According to Diamond's argument, the most important factor for the success of European colonization of the Americas lay in:

the biological and environmental advantages held by Europeans

Stimulus: Vauban's description of a peasant who has two or possibly four children is a good example of:

the demographic changes that were beginning to occur in the period 1700-1750

Changed urban attitudes in the 14th century included:

the regulation and acceptance of prostitution in most communities

Catherine the Great's goal of domestic reform never came to fruition, owning to:

the rebellion of Emelian Pugachev in 1773

Which of the following quotes would have most likely have been said by Charles I of England:

"all that which resides in England serves the king and is born to him under god"

What was the consequence of Prince Francis Rakoczy's rebellion for Habsburg rule:

Hungary was never fully integrated into a centralized, absolute Habsburg state

After the arrest and deportation of Toussaint L'Overtur, how was the war of Haitian Independence resolved:

Jean Jacques Dessalines, L'Ouverture's lieutenant, led the resistance to a crushing victory over the French and later declared Haitian independence

The Spanish conversos were witch of the following:

Jewish Christians, some of whom held prominent positions in the state, church, and business

Stimulus: Which of the following social transformations was most likely a factor in why this factory issued the rules in the excerpt above:

Migration from rural to urban areas in industrialized regions created an inexperienced workforce

Which of the following did Francesco Petrarch believe:

the recovery of classical texts would bring about a new golden age of intellectual achievement

The aristocracy of the 16th century was:

a dominate society as it had done in the Middle Ages

The primary cause of the English Glorious Revolution was:

a fear of the establishment of Catholic absolutism by James II

Stimulus: As opposed to the dechristianization practiced in the latter stages of the French Revolution, the earlier more liberal phase was marked by:

a nationalized Catholic Church

The Italian Renaissance was primarily:

a recovery or rebirth of antiquity and Greco-Roman culture

Stimulus: In the speech above, Robespierre advocates:

a return to virtue and equality

Stimulus: What pattern of political leadership did the statesmen in this document exhibit:

aiming to co-opt the agenda of nationalists for the purpose of creating or strengthening the state

What was the result of the War of the Austrian Succession:

an inconclusive standoff that set the stage for further warfare

A key economic consequence of the plague was:

the rapid expansion of European civic banking to rebuild industry

Stimulus: "Not only did talking to or being around the sick infection and a common death, but also touching of the sick or anything touched or used by them seemed to communicate the very disease to the person involved." In this quote from Giovanni Boccaccio, what knowledge of the Black Death is he sharing:

any contact with the sickened individual, or items that the sick had contact with, would result in the infection of those initiating physical contact

The allied powers at the Congress of Vienna were determined to:

avoid the creation of hostility and resentment in France

One overall result of the Great Schism was to:

badly damage the faith of many Christian believers

During the reign of Edward III of England, the Great Council of the barons:

became the House of Lords forming a hereditary body of peers in Parliament

Politically, Italy and Germany were similar in the 14th century because:

both regions failed to develop a centralized monarchial state

The Reformation affected the development of education in Europe by:

broadly expanding Jesuit principles of higher education

Stimulus: The excerpt above can best be described as a response to:

conflicts between the British monarchy, Parliament, and other elites over their respective roles in the political structure

The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile:

created a dynastic union but did not unify the separate kingdoms into a single state

Stimulus: Enlightened absolutists such as Frederick II of Prussia or Joseph II of Austria:

did not believe in having legislatures that would infringe on their power

Stimulus: What philosophy of government is advocated in this passage:

divine right

Francis Bacon formalized the research methods of Tyco Brahe and Galileo into a theory of reasoning known as:

empiricism

Map Stimulus: According to the map above, the West African slave trade was:

engaged in by many countries in Europe

Stimulus: According to the first excerpt, the source of human knowledge is:

experience and observation

Romantics and early nationalists investigated folk songs, folk tales, and proverbs in order to:

find the unique greatness of every people in its folk culture

The establishment of new colleges and universities in the years following the Black Death:

greatly weakened the international nature of medieval culture

Which of the following identifies the term race in the Renaissance:

groupings of people based on ethnic, national, or religious factors

In the 17th and 18th century, foundling homes:

had extremely high death rates

Which of the following characterizes Girolamo Savonarola:

he came to power in Florence denouncing vice and corruption, but as people tired of his moral denunciations, he lost authority

What was Jethro Tull's contribution to English agriculture in the 18th century:

he critiqued accepted farming methods and developed better methods through empirical research

How did Cardinal Richelieu increase the power of the centralized French state:

he extended the use of intendants, commissioners for each of France's 32 districts

How did Frederick William I, king of Prussia, sustain agricultural production while dramatically expanding the size of his army:

he ordered all Prussian men to undergo military training, after which they could return home and serve as army reservists

Why did Jan Hus gain so many followers:

his attack on papal authority and his call for the translation of the Bible into Czech resonated with many people who opposed to the church's wealth and were experiencing an emerging Czech nationalism

How did Pico Della Mirandela understand the uniqueness of humankind:

humans, lacking a fixed place, were the one part of created world that could freely choose to rise to the heavens or sink into the realm of animals

Stimulus: In the debate revealed in the above excerpts, which of the following was a major assumption made by most Enlightenment thinkers at the time:

if women had equality with men, then European society, and especially the family, would suffer

In the 18th century, European public health measures:

improved water supply and sewage systems

How did the problems of food shortages change in the 18th century:

increased road and canna building permitted food to be more easily transported to regions with local crop failures and famine

Which of the following groups would be most supportive of the sentiments expressed in the second passage:

indentured servants and slaves

How did America's Constitutional Convention if 1787 deal with the discord between pro and anti slavery delegates:

it compromised by stipulating that an enslaved person would count as 3/5 of a person for purposes of taxation and proportional representation in the House of Representatives

How did the National Assembly respond to the hopes and expectations of Saint Domingue's different social groups:

it frustrated the hopes of all the different social groups

How did Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation bring the Scientific Revolution to maturity:

it synthesized mathematics with physics and astronomy to demonstrate that the entire universe was unified into one coherent system

Why was the Declaration of Independence so important to the American Revolution:

it universalized the traditional rights of English people and made them the right of all mankind

Why did a woman's work receive less compensation than a man's work:

it was understood that a woman was either married or to be married and, therefore, not responsible for supporting the family

How did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history:

large-scale armed conflicts over religious faith came to an end

The Italian condottieri were:

leaders of mercenary bands, occasionally ruling as military dictators

Stimulus: Which of the following ideologies best reflects the views of Mr. Payne as expressed in the excerpt above:

liberalism

One decisive advantages that English had at beginning of 100 Year's War was:

longbow

In early Renaissance Italy, art:

manifested corporate power

Which of the following characterizes early 19th century British cities:

nearly all land was used for buildings, which meant parks or open areas were almost nonexistent

Stimulus: Which of the following beliefs is least supported by the first excerpt:

only if women have the intelligence should they be allowed to pursue higher learning

Stimulus: The conviction expressed in the above Articles reflect the author's belief in all of the following EXCEPT:

only single women had the right to own property

Which of the following are among the chief characteristics of John Calvin's reform movement?

predestination and the absolute sovereignty of God

The Tutor Henry VII of England won broad, popular support by:

promoting peace and social order at the local level

According to Machiavelli, government should be judged on whether it:

provided order, security, and safety of the populace

Stimulus: Which of the following 19th century political responses to the problems of industrialization was the most successful:

radicals and republicans demanded universal male suffrage and full citizenship regardless of wealth and property ownership

Stimulus: In the passage above, Martin Luther writes of the importance of:

reform that will allow people other than the Pope to interpret the Bible

Merchants and manufacturers responded to the economic tribulations of the 14th century by:

restricting competition and resulting the demands of the lower classes

Wet-nursing practices included:

rural wet-nursing conducted within the framework of a putting-out system

The enlightened policies of Frederick the Great included:

simplifying Prussian laws

Thinkers such as John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau would have agreed:

stress they put on natural law and natural rights

Italian humanists stressed the:

study of the classics for what they could reveal about human nature

Stimulus: When analyzing the speech above, it is important for the historian to take into account:

that is meant to fill the audience with revolutionary fervor

In the 18th century, the biggest increase in British foreign trade was with:

the British colonial empire

Why did the Directory continue French wars of conquest begun by early revolutionary governments:

the Directory understood that big, victorious armies kept men employed

In the Netherlands, tensions were always present between supporters of the staunchly republican Estates and supporters of:

the House of Orange

Which of the following correctly characterizes the transformation of the English and Scottish countryside in the enclosure era:

the elimination of common rights and access to land turned small peasants farmers into landless wage earners

What two fundamental principles of he French Revolution were incorporated into the Napoleonic Code:

the equality of all male citizens before the law and the absolute security of wealth and private property

Which of the following describes the enclosure moment of the 18th century:

the land was divided into plots bounded by fences to farm more effectively

How did the expansion of the Industrial Revolution affect the work life of the middle class:

the middle class established a range of new professions, which required specialized knowledge and advanced education

Which of the following least supports the author's view:

the most important function of laws is to protect the private property of individuals

Which of following characterizes the intersection of the hierarchies of wealth and order in the Renaissance:

the nobility retained its status by taking in and integrating the new social elite of wealth

"Weep, wretched natives of Tahiti, weep. But let it be for coming and not the leaving of these ambitious, wicked men. One day you will know them better, One day they will come back, bearing in one hand the piece of wood you see in that man's belt, and, in other, the sword hanging side of that one, to enslave you, slaughter you, or make you captive to follies and vices. One day you will be subject to them, as corrupt, wile and miserable they are. " This selection from Denis Diderot's "Supplement to Bougainville's Voyage" reflects his concern that:

the people encountered by European explores should recognize that Europeans had nothing to offer them

From 1701 to 1763, what was at stake in the wars between Great Britain and France:

the position as Europe's leading maritime power, with the ability to claim profits from Europe's overseas expansion

The English political philosopher Thomas Hobbes held that:

the power of the ruler was absolute and prevented civil war

According to the text, Thomas More;s Utopia was remarkable for it time because it asserted that:

the problems plaguing society could be solved by a beneficent government

At the center of Adam Smith's arguments in The Wealth of Nations was the belief that:

the pursuit of self-interest in competitive markets would improve their living conditions of citizens

Why did the Antifederalists oppose the new American constitution proposed by the Constitutional Convention:

they feared for the individual freedoms for which they had fought

What place did prostitutes generally hold among the common people in towns:

they were accepted members of the community of the laboring poor

How did flagellants respond to the Black Death:

they whipped themselves and scourged their bodies as penance, believing that the Black Death was God's punishment for humanity's wickedness

The chief ambition of the Venetian city-states in the 14th century was:

to create a maritime commercial empire throughout the Mediterranean and the Black seas

Stimulus: Vauban's main reason for writing the description of peasant life above was:

to explain the importance to the State of the plight of the peasants

The wealth of the northern Italian cities that funded the Renaissance was gained mostly from:

trade

In the 18th century, many liberal thinkers believed that representative institutions could defend the liberty and interests of the people. What does this mean in terms of political practice:

voting for representatives would be restricted to men of property

The English Peasant's Revolt of 1381:

was caused by the rising economic expectations of ordinary people

Money made from the slave trade:

was invested by the rising middle class in plantations and factories

At the Congress of Vienna, the victorious allies:

were guided by the principle of the balance of power

Stimulus: The argument made in the second excerpt challenged the opinions found in first excerpt by suggesting that:

women are just as capable as men of rational thought and intellectual pursuit

In terms of gender relations, Renaissance humanists argued that:

women's sphere of activity was private and domestic

Stimulus: The description of women's work in the excerpt above shows that:

women's work was productive and necessary to family