AP FINAL CRACK DOWN

Which aspect of Martin Luther's beliefs is most refelective of what Erasmus is saying in the passage above?

Luther's concern with the Catholic Church's Concept of Salvation

The events described in the passage most likely occurred in which modern-day country?

Mexico

What aspect of the rule would a learned defender of Catholic teaching such as Christian humanists like Erasmus most closely align himself?

"there is no reason...why those should be prohibited which have been written for the purpose of pointing out the right way to live"

A primary difference between Norhtern Humanism as portrayed by Erasmus and Italian Humanism was?

An emphasis on Christian piety

Which of the following is best supported by the passage?

Competition between the monarchy, gentry, and nobility changed the structure of government in England during the seventeenth century

Which of these city-states is said to have been the cultural center of the Renaissance and has been compared to ancient Athens for its burst of creativity over a relatively short time span?

Florence

How did the policies of the British government as a result of the English Bill of Rights compare to other eighteenth and nineteenth century governments?

For a brief period during the Revolutionary era, France would implement reforms similar to the British government.

The motivations described in the text are most similar to those of which explorer?

Francisco Pizarro

Why might Holbein have depicted Luther as the German Hercules?

In the years leading up to 1519, the people in the German provinces were captive to, and lived in fear of the power of the Roman Catholic Church.

What impact do you think this picture might have had on contemporaries who saw it?

It fueled reformers such as Zwingli and Calvin to advocate for reform in their nations

Italian Renaissance art can be most appropriately described as

Neoclassicism in which the traditional characteristics of harmony and symmetry were valued

One of the most important consequences of the 100 Years War was that?

Parliament widened its power in England

Which of the elements outlined in the text above did the Council of Trent find most objectionable?

Protestant works in the vernacular

Which of the following events most directly contributed to the provisions expressed in the excerpt?

The Glorious Revolution

The debate in the excerpts above most directly foreshadowed which of the following developments?

The establishment of the first Protestant Religion

The encomienda system, which is described in the text was used during the colonization of the Americas to regulate the indigenous people, was NOT ended by which of the following?

The lack of new land to assign to well-connected Spaniards and conquistadors

By referencing Athens what aspect of humanism was Erasmus highlighting in this passage?

The reliance on Ancient Greek and Roman thought

The passages above most directly illustrates the debate between Luther and Tetzel concerning which of the following?

The selling of indulgences by the Catholic Church

France and England reacted to Spain's conquests in the New World by

establishing their own colonies and trade networks

As described by the author, the driving philosophy behind the conquistadors' search for gold was the economic policy known as

mercantilism

Which of the following roles was most socially acceptable for an educated woman in Renaissance society?

patron of the arts

Which of the following best demonstrates the impact of the printing press as shown in the passage?

spread of Protestant works

The passage by Luther most weakens Tetzel's claim in the first passage by

stating Tetzel was "merely interested in money"

Which of the following was most supportive of Luther's condemnation of the Catholic Church?

the German Princes

The situation described in the above passage ultimately contributed to

the depopulation of indigenous peoples in the New World

The Prince argued that

the prince's highest obligation was the preservation of his state

In the sixteenth century, Spanish conquest as described by de las Casas in the passage

did not occur in India and China

What concepts are valued by Renaissance thinkers?

the idea of ancient Greece, humans as the measure of all things, living up to one's potential, pursuit of excellence

The sculpture of the Renaissance differed from that of the MIddle Ages in all of the following EXCEPT

the subject matter was nonreligious

Which of the following belief systems was questioned by Erasmus in this passage?

Individualism

He is sometimes called the "father of Humanism"

Petrarch

Upon the return of Cortes's expedition, which of the following was a consequence of the actions described in the memoir?

an increased rate of inflation

The situation described above was most likely inspired by the

catholic counter reformation