AP Gov Ch. 11-12 ?s

8. Ideological interest groups attract people by appealing to a) The sociability instinct. b) A desire to engage in contests for public office. c) The common economic interest of the members. d) A coherent, often controversial, set of principles.

D) A coherent, often controversial set of principles

22. In recent years, interest groups frequently use a grassroots lobbying strategy referred to as A) insider. B) wholesale. C) collective. D) outsider. E) end-run.

D) outsider

46. How frequently do television broadcasting licenses come up for renewal?

Every 5 years

10. Public-interest lobbies typically make better progress when the administration is a) Republican. b) Democratic. c) Hostile. d) Friendly.

Hostile

44. The federal government sued the New York Times to prevent it from publishing

The Pentagon Papers

45. When the Israeli general Ariel Sharon sued Time magazine for libel, the jury decided that

Time had libeled Sharon but not maliciously

20. 82) When the Civil Aeronautics Board was setting airline rates and conferring air routes on various cities, most of those appearing before it at its hearings were a) Airline companies. b) Passenger representatives. c) Government officials. d) Lawyers.

a) Airline companies.

11. 49) Which of the following statements about a social movement is true? a) It is a widely shared demand for change. b) It must have liberal goals. c) It refers specifically to the political order. d) It is a twentieth-century phenomenon. 50) Which of the followings statements about a social movement is generally true? a) The more extreme its position, the smaller its size. b) The more liberal its position, the larger its size. c) The more moderate its position, the smaller its size. d) The more purposive its membership incentives, the smaller its size.

a) It is a widely shared demand for change

26. 104) The average political action committee (PAC) donation to a House candidate accounts for approximately what percentage of the candidate's total campaign receipts? a) Less than 1 b) Approximately 10 c) Approximately 25 d) More than 50

a) Less than 1

27. 110) A government official might leave her position and join a corporation to which she previously awarded government contracts. This is a clear example of a) the revolving door b) Government operating on its own inner logic. c) A conflict of interest. d) Double-dipping.

a) the revolving door

56. Which of the following statements about the relationship between television and the Senate is most accurate? a. Television has made the Senate an incubator of presidential candidates. b. Television has subjected the Senate to numerous exposes .c. Television has tended to insulate the Senate from public opinion .d. Television has made the Senate internationalist in character e. Television has had not noticeable impact on the behavior of Senate members or the chamber's processe

a. Television has made the Senate an incubator of presidential candidates.

3. The launching of the Chamber of Commerce was an example of interest groups forming as a result of a. government policy b. the emergence of talented leadership c. the enlargement of government responsibilities d. broad economic developments

a. government policy

5. An example of a typical activity that an institutional interest might conduct on behalf of a client would be A) lobbying for laws to protect the client from foreign competition. B) forming small local chapters to raise campaign funds. C) offering life insurance at reduced rates for its members. D) offering a cash payment to legislators in exchange for a crucial vote. E) offering a cash payment to legislators to appear at a public meeting.

a. lobbying for laws to protect the client from foreign competition

48. the advertising rates charged to candidates for public office compared with rates for other advertisers are a. the same b. ususally higher c. usually lower d. always lower because of the equal time rule e. usually lower if the candidate is liberal

a. the same

37. One disadvantage to politicians of radio or television coverage, compared with newspaper coverage, is that it

allows citizens to turn off the message

38. A member of Congress who wishes to maximize his or her news media attention is well advised to

attack the president

29. 118) The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946 has had ______ effect on the registration and control of lobbyists. a) A great b) A modest c) Little practical d) No

b) A modest

30 .116) In 1968 the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) revoked the tax-exempt status of the Sierra Club because of its a) Advocacy of unpopular causes. b) Extensive lobbying activities. c) Illegal banking activities. d) International fundraising.

b) Extensive lobbying activities.

17. 60) Each of the following is an important source of funds for lobbying organizations except a) Foundation grants. b) Membership dues. c) Government grants. d) Direct-mail solicitations. The text suggests three things to look for when trying to read a newspaper intelligently. They are the degree of objectivity, the choice of coverage, and the source of information. a. type of coverage, number of sources, and the flexibility of language. b. source of information, the degree of objectivity, and the use of language. c. choice of coverage, the degree of objectivity, and the use of language. d. choice of coverage, the source of information, and the use of language.

b) Membership dues d) choice of coverage, the source of information, and the use of language

7. Purposive incentives are most likely to motivate people who join a) The Illinois Farm Bureau. b) The National Organization for Women (NOW). c) The parent teacher associations (PTAs). d) The American Association of Retired Persons (AARP).

b. National Organization for Women (NOW)

9. Which consumer activist has spawned more than a dozen interest groups since the mid-1960s? a) Michael Moore b) Ralph Nader c) Gloria Steinem d) James Watt

b. Ralph Nader Ralph Nader rose to national prominence on the issue of a. school busing. b. abortion. c. auto safety. d. nuclear power. e. discrimination. c. auto safety

52. Insider stories are often the product of a. intense television coverage b. leaks by someone in government c. public opinion polling processes d. judicial rulings e. congressional investigations and reports

b. leaks by someone in government

49. In comparison with the general public, the great majority of the members of the national news media are a. conservative. b. liberal. c. politically moderate. d. very conservative. e. without any particular ideological leaning.

b. liberal

6. The reason Americans participate in civic associations more frequently than do citizens of other countries is a. their greater dissatisfaction with the government b. their sense of political efficacy and civic duty c. their European heritage d. the fact that they are less sensitive to the free-rider problem.

b. their sense of political efficacy and civic duty

31. When CBS News ran a story based on documents regarding George W. Bush's service in the National Guard, ____ produced evidence that the documentations were forgeries.

bloggers

12. 56) The peak of the union movement in the United States occurred in the year a) 1923. b) 1932. c) 1945. d) 1956.

c) 1945

18. 75) Probably the best measure of an interest group's influence is its a) Size. b) Wealth. c) Organizational skill. d) Contacts. 76) Probably the most effective commodity at the command of interest groups is a) Money. b) Information. c) Persuasiveness. d) Media access.

c) Organizational skill and b)information

25. 97) Could a member of Congress start a political action committee (PAC)? a) No, PACs are organizations, not individuals. b) No, PACs influence legislators and therefore cannot consist of legislators. c) Yes, and many have. d) Yes, but only after the legislator leaves Congress.

c) Yes, and many have.

59. journalists are likely to view press releases as a. authoritative b. inside information c. canned news d. campaign literature e. credible

c. canned news

54. Compared with other Western nations, the U.S. media play a much more important role in a. voicing the official government line. b. personalizing our leaders. c. reflecting the political agenda of an elite. d. dealing with critical issues. e. solving social problems.

c. reflecting the political agenda of an elite.

53. the tendency to tune out statements that are inconsistent with our existing beliefs is known as a. reduction of decision making space b. cognitive complacency c. rejection eclipse d. the sympathy curve e. selective attention

c. rejection eclipse

42. The media typically report presidential elections as horse races because of the media's role as a. arbiter b. watchdog c. scorekeeper d. mirror of reality e. mediator

c. scorekeeper

60. if a communication is on background then a. the reporter can quote an official by name b. what an official says cannot be used c. what an offical says can be used but may not be attributed to him or her by name d. what the official says cannot be attributed to anyone even an anonymous source e. the reporters can quote an official by name with a court order

c. what an offical says can be used but may not be attributed to him or her by name

23. 93) The Dirty Dozen consisted of the a) Least ethical interest groups in Washington. b) Midwestern states most responsible for acid rain. c) Most deeply bureaucratized federal agencies. d) Most anti-environment legislators in the House.

d) Most anti-environment legislators in the House.

19. 80) Lobbyists are restrained from misrepresenting facts or misleading legislators by a) 1984 Truth-in-Lobbying Law. b) The open nature of the lobbying process. c) Governmental regulatory agencies such as the FTA. d) The fear of losing legislators' trust and confidence.

d) The fear of losing legislators' trust and confidence.

2. In many European countries, including Austria, France, and Italy, interest groups are less common than in the United States because A) political authority is widely dispersed. B) the relationship between party and interest group is not as close. C) political decision making is lodged in many officials. D) political parties wield greater power. E) the media enjoy more freedom.

d. political parties wield greater power.

34. electronic journalism probably contributed to the decline in party loyalities because a. the public lost confidence in politicians after seeing them on television b. the rate of literacy dropped forcing people to watch television rather than read party literature c. television and radio focused attention on the issues making party labels of candidates irrelevant d. politicians developed personal followings independent of party structure e. the public lost confidence in television as a source of political news

d. politicians developed personal followings independent of party structure

40. Most of the national news that local papers publish comes from a. local affiliates .b. their own news staffs. c. television networks. d. wire services .e. investigative reporting. The U.S. media, including the electronic media, is primarily oriented to its local market and local audience. The reason(s) for this is (are) the a. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations that allow multiple media ownership in a given market. b. wide-scale ownership of the press by large national corporations. c. FCC regulations that prohibit networks from requiring local affiliates to accept network broadcasts. d. shrinking number of total news sources available to the average citizen. e. dominance of partisans in ownership positions who insist on winning supporters market by market

d. wire services c.FCC regulations that prohibit networks from requiring local affiliates to accept network broadcasts.

16. What company is the biggest federal contractor

defense contractor

33. in the era of the party press readership consisted of a. citizens from all walks of life b. farmers c. government employees and officials d. immigrants e. a small number of well educated people

e. a small number of well educated people

13. One type of interest group whose representation in Washington has skyrocketed since 1970 is the a. professional organization. b. trade association. c. corporate lobby. d. union lobbies. e. public-interest lobby.

e. public-interest lobby. farming? industry?

1. James Madison believed that the latent causes of faction were rooted in a. the two-party system b. capitalist society c. religious conflict d. an improperly designed constitution e. the nature of man

e. the nature of man

36. The need for sensationalism journalism died out because of the middle-class demand for reform, the termination of circulation wars, and the

growing education levels of readers

43. Compared with the print media, the electronic media are

more competitive and more strictly regulated

47. Since the 1980s, broadcasting licenses are automatically renewed unless

some community group formally objects

14. The nonprofit and other organizations that receive the lion's share of federal grants and contracts are rarely if ever

subject to performance audits or independent research evaluations

57. How do Americans feel about sloppy journalism?

their distrust of the media has grown they believe it abuses its constitutional protections

35. At the turn of the twentieth century, the growing media sensationalism influencing public opinion was known as

yellow journalism

50. What are the reasons as to why conservative talk shows are so common?

- there are more self described conservatives than liberals in our country -conservatives dont think their views are reflected in what newspapers etc display ...unlike lliberals who think the exact opposite. - much of the liberal audience is broken into distinct racial outlets.

39. Although there were competing newspapers in 60 percent of American cities in 1900, by 1972 there were competing newspapers in ____ percent of American cities.???

4

55. When did the live coverage in TV of House of Representatives in 1974?

Anticipating impeachment proceedings against President Richard M. Nixon, the House authorized broadcast coverage of floor debate. Though impeachment never came to fruition, the networks telecast hours of the House Judiciary Committee's impeachment probe.

4. Which of the following is not a reason for the proliferation of interest groups in this country? a. social diversity b. government fragmentations c. limited government d. the weakness of political parties e. federalism Which of the following is not a reason for the proliferation of interest groups in this country? A) Social diversity B) Governmental fragmentation C) Ideological leadership D) The weakness of political parties E) Federalism

C) ideological leadership