AP Gov Unit 2

Invisible primary

early attempts to raise money, line up campaign consultants, generate media attention, and get commitments for support even before candidates announce they are running.

GOTV drive

efforts by political parties, interest groups, and the candidates's staff to maximize voter turnout among supporters.

normative

establishing, relating to , or deriving from a standard or norm, especially of behavior

Party Eras

extended periods of relative political stability in which one party tends to control both the presidency and congress.

Nominating Convention

formal part gathering to choose candidates.

Communitarians

is a philosophy that emphasizes the connection between the individual man an d woman and the community

Polictical cultur

is a set of attitudes and practices held by a people that shapes their political behavior it includes moral judgments, political myths, beliefs, and ideas about what makes for a good society.

Naturalization

is the legal act or process by which a non-citizen in a country may acquire citizenship or nationality of that country.

Motor Voter Bill

legislation allowing citizens to register to vote at the same time they apply for a driver's license of other state benefit.

Party Platform

list of policy positions a party endorses and pledges its elected officials to enact.

Partisanship

loyalty to a political cause or party.

Party machines

mass based party systems in which parties provided services and resources to voters in exchange for votes.

Party Bases

member of a political party who consistently vote for that party's candidates.

Party in Government

members of that party who have been elected to serve in government

Government matching funds

money given by the federal government to qualified presidential candidates in the primary and general election campaigns.

Party Primary

nomination of party candidates by registered party members rather than party bosses.

party in Electorate

ordinary citizens who identify with the party

Responsible Party Model

party government when four conditions are met: clear choice of ideologies, candidates pledged to implement ideas, party held accountable by voters, and party control over members.

Party Bosses

party leaders usually in an urban district, who exercised tight control over electioneering and patronage.

Open Primaries

primary election which eligible voters do not need to be registered party members.

Closed Primaries

primary elections in which only registered party members may vote.

Political Gridlock

the stalemate that occurs when political rivals, especially parties, refuse to budge from their position to achieve a compromise in the public interest.

Issue Ownership

the tendency of one party to be seen as more competent in a specific policy area.

Momentun

the widely held public perception that a candidate is gaining electoral strength.

Party Identification

voter affiliation with a political party

Political party

a group of citizens united by ideology and seeking control of government in order to promote their ideas and policies.

Immigrants

a person who comes to live permanently in a foreign country

Values

a person's principles or standards of behavior; one's judgment of what is important in life.

Ideologies

a system of ideas and ideals especially on that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy

Dealignment

a trend among voters to identify themselves as independents rather than as member of a major party.

Issue advocacy ad

advertisements paid for by soft money, and thus not regulated, that promote certain issue positions but do not endorse specific candidates.

Critical Election

and election signaling a significant change in popular allegiance form one party to another.

Realignment

substantial and long term shift in party allegiance by individuals and groups, usually resulting in a change in policy direction.

Patronage

system in which successful party candidates reward supporters with jobs or favors.

Individualism

the habit or principle of being independent and self-reliant

Front runner

the leading candidate and expected winner of the nomination or an election.

Party Organization

the official structure that conducts the political business of parties.

Electoral Mandate

the perception that an election victory signals broad support for the winner's proposed polices.

Front loading

the process for scheduling presidential primaries early in the primary season.

Electioneering

the process getting a person elected to public office.

Asylum

the protection granted by a nation to someone who ahas left their native country as a political refugee

Refugees

the protection granted by a nation to someone who's left their native country as a political refugee

party activists

the rank and file members who actually carry out the party's electioneering efforts.