AP Gov Unit 3 MCQ

Which of the following legislative acts best relates to the passage?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

Students at a public university hold a peaceful protest to demonstrate against an increase in the cost of college tuition. Which of the following constitutional protections best applies to this scenario?

The First Amendment guarantees the right to peaceably assemble or the right to petition the government for redress of grievances.

Which of the following rules or clauses did the Supreme Court use to address the issue of racial segregation in public schools?

The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

Which of the following is accurate regarding the Supreme Court's interpretation of a right to privacy?

The court's interpretation of a right to privacy has been the subject of controversy.

Which of the following explains the most significant long-term consequence of the ideas expressed in the passage?

The value of "all men are created equal" was reaffirmed both in law and in American political culture.

The author cites the case District of Columbia v. Heller (2008) in order to

illustrate that the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Second Amendment has recently changed

What has the Supreme Court said about the right to privacy?

A right to privacy is not clearly present in the Constitution, but the court has determined that it does exist. While a right to privacy is not clearly present in the Constitution, the court has determined that it does exist. However, the court has acknowledged a right to privacy by interpreting that the due process clause to protect the right of privacy from state infringement.

In the case Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the power under the commerce clause to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Which of the following explains how this case is similar to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) ?

Both cases upheld the power of the federal government to ensure equal protection under the law.

Which of the following cases addresses the issue of mandatory public school prayer?

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Which of the following cases arose from a state law that mandates public schools to begin the school day with the reading of a nondenominational prayer by a school official?

Engel v. Vitale (1962) was a First Amendment case involving the invocation of a public school teacher-led prayer that the Supreme Court ruled as a violation of the Establishment Clause.

Which of the following is used as evidence to support the author's argument?

Historical records show varying interpretations as to whether the Second Amendment was supposed to protect the right of individuals to own a gun, or just for the purpose of supporting militias.

In Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972) how did the Supreme Court's decision address state interests and individual rights?

It balanced the state's interest in compulsory education with the students' free exercise rights.

Which of the following states has the greatest protection for freedom of the press based on the information on the map?

New York

The case Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) upheld the standard of "separate but equal" in American law. Which of the following explains how this case relates to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) ?

Plessy established a precedent that was eventually overturned in the Brown case.

Which of the following is a doctrine based on the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution that was used in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) to limit the power of states and protect the right to keep and bear arms?

Selective incorporation is the doctrine based on the Fourteenth Amendment in which the Court applies the provisions of the Bill of Rights to the states in a piecemeal fashion via the due process clause.

Which of the following best characterizes the debate regarding the Second Amendment according to the author of the passage?

The Second Amendment is viewed by some as an individual rights issue but by others as a states' rights issue.

Which of the following constitutional concepts is most closely associated with affirmative action policies?

Equal protection clause

Based on the map and your knowledge, which of the following is a major difference between the issue of shield laws and the issue of prior restraint?

The Supreme Court has ruled that the First Amendment protects against prior restraint by the government. However, protections for journalists and their sources are not as strong, as evidenced by the many states with weak or no shield laws.

Which of the following is an example of affirmative action?

A business actively recruits qualified minorities, women, and persons with disabilities in order to be eligible for work with the national government.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of an affirmative action policy?

A federal contractor actively recruits underrepresented groups for positions in the company.

In the case Shelley v. Kraemer (1948), the Supreme Court struck down racially restrictive housing covenants under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Which of the following cases is most similar to Shelley v. Kraemer (1948) ?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954)

What generally does the Fourteenth Amendment provide for?

Equal protection of the laws and due process

While a right to privacy is not explicitly named in the Constitution, what clause has the court used to protect this right from state infringement?

The due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment : is the provision that allowed the Supreme Court to incorporate provisions of the Bill of Rights to the states, including the right to privacy.

What constitutional clause did the Court rely most heavily on to reach this decision?

The equal protection clause

The police searched a suspect's smartphone without getting a warrant and found photo evidence of criminal activity. After a thorough investigation, the suspect was charged and the evidence obtained from the smartphone was used in the trial. Which of the following amendments contains the Bill of Rights protections that were most likely violated in this scenario?

The Fourth Amendment. protections against unwarranted search and seizure apply to this scenario because the Court has ruled that police acquisition of smartphone information without establishing probable cause for a warrant is a violation of the defendant's Constitutional rights.

A person accused of a crime cannot afford an attorney, so the state provides the accused with a public defender. Which of the following amendments in the Bill of Rights best applies in this scenario?

The Sixth Amendment grants those accused of a crime the right to a fair trial, including the assistance of defense counsel. The Court's ruling in Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) extended this protection beyond federal courts to the state courts.

In McDonald v. Chicago (2010), the Court ruled that the Second Amendment right to bear arms was applicable to the states. Which of the following sections of the United States Constitution did the Supreme Court use to support its ruling?

The doctrine of selective incorporation through the Fourteenth Amendment, holding that state action limiting gun rights deprived persons of "life, liberty, or property, without due process of law"

The text in the passage likely inspired Congress to act based on which of the following clauses of the United States Constitution?

The equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment

Which of the following statements is best supported by the information on the map?

Some states prioritize freedom of the press over criminal prosecutions. Each state has the power to determine for itself the extent of protections for freedom of the press, which is shown in the map. States with greater protections likely support stronger protections for freedom of the press.

Which of the following parts of the United States Constitution is incorporated to the states based on the ruling in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) ?

"[T]he right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." The Second Amendment protects an individual's right to bear arms and protect one's home.