Ap Government: Chapter 3 (grants)

Grants-in-aid

money awarded to the states by the federal government

Dual Federalism

National and state government have separate powers like a layered cake

Cross cutting requirements

To receive federal money in one area, all programs must abide

Project grants

awarded based on competitive application (Categorical) common but are for a specific reason

Mandate

An authoritative requirement made by the federal government for state and local governments to complete or else a penalty will be made and money will not be granted

Cooperative Federalism

Both state and national government share powers like a marble cake

Formula grants

Distributed based on the population and data, don't have to file an application

Categorical grants

Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport that come with strings attached

Shared administration

Process in which both state and local officials put in effect federal policies but have power of their own even when they are receiving government help

Crossover Sanction

Punishment, federal money in one program influences another (in order to build a highway Government must adjust highway and alcohol consumption laws)

Federal guidelines

Requirements made by the federal government for states one contributing large amounts of money

Shared Costs

The money in which cities and states receive from the federal government to fund airports, sewage treatment, youth programs, etc

Fiscal Federalism

The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system