Ap Government: Chapter 3 (grants)
Grants-in-aid
money awarded to the states by the federal government
Dual Federalism
National and state government have separate powers like a layered cake
Cross cutting requirements
To receive federal money in one area, all programs must abide
Project grants
awarded based on competitive application (Categorical) common but are for a specific reason
Mandate
An authoritative requirement made by the federal government for state and local governments to complete or else a penalty will be made and money will not be granted
Cooperative Federalism
Both state and national government share powers like a marble cake
Formula grants
Distributed based on the population and data, don't have to file an application
Categorical grants
Federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport that come with strings attached
Shared administration
Process in which both state and local officials put in effect federal policies but have power of their own even when they are receiving government help
Crossover Sanction
Punishment, federal money in one program influences another (in order to build a highway Government must adjust highway and alcohol consumption laws)
Federal guidelines
Requirements made by the federal government for states one contributing large amounts of money
Shared Costs
The money in which cities and states receive from the federal government to fund airports, sewage treatment, youth programs, etc
Fiscal Federalism
The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system