AP History Chapter 18

Indian Rebelion of 1857 (vocab)

A major rebelion organized against British colonialization. Many groups joined together to come up in rebelion including those who lost positions, and wealth as a result of colonialization.

Africanization of Christianity (vocab)

Christianity promoted and developed by African people from an African perspective.

What were the attractions of Christianity within some colonial societies?

Christianity provided access to education, identity, and support for oppressed people of the colonial world.

What kinds of wage labor were available in the colonies?

Colonialization lead to mass migration to accommodate workforce demands in areas where there was a labor shortage. This migration created new categories like "squaters".

Cash-crop agriculture (vocab)

Crops that are sold for money versus subsistance (Survival). Examples palm oil, peanuts, pepper, rice, and spices

Did colonial rule bring "economic progress" in its wake?

Economic progress occurred on a couple areas global participation, modernization of infrastructure, and a break through to modern industrialization that would not have occurred at the same pace.

What impact did western education have on colonial society?

Education equaled opportunity throughout the colonial world.

How did cash-crop agriculture tranform the lives of colonized people?

Environmental destruction in the Mekong Delta due to rice production, exploitation of former slaves, enormous migration to meet labor shortages each had its impact as a result. Additionally this lead to tensions between the sexes, classes and cultures.

What contributed to changing European views of Asians and Africans in the nineteenth century?

Europeans developed a secular (non religious) arrogance that fused with or in some cases replaced their notions of religious superiority. Labels like "noble savage". "heathen" and "John Chinamen" expressed the degree of which europeans looked down on cultures of Asia and Africa.

Was European colonialization in Africa fast or slow?

Fast because of the advanced technology, and competition for resources.

Scramble for Africa (vocab)

Great Britain, Netherlands, France, Japan and the United States race for resources in Africa.

How were the lives of African women altered by colonial economies?

Men of the communities were largely used for the cash crops. So, women were responsible for maintaining the subsistance farming and family, this lead to increased focus on their family structure while men largerly were not present.

How did migrant work impact their lives?

Migrant work lead to apalling conditions, increased disease, and accidents without any protections.

Wanjiku (vocab)

Of Kenya lived from 1910 - 1990 and viewed all the changes that occurred in Kenya

Swami Vivekananda (vocab)

One of nineteenth-century India's most influential religious figures, involved in reactivating Hinduism.

What was distinctive about European colonial empires of the nineteen century?

Prominance of race as a distinguishing factor to determine the ruler and ruled. Penetration of the colonial states into the societies that they governed. Finally the europeans had a strong habit/need to classify and count their subject people. This classification and counting included gender and race. They contradicted thier own values and preferred ruler societies for colonialized areas they controlled.

European racism (vocab)

Racism was expressed in action and language in example "John Chinamen", "Noble Savage".

Edward Blyden (vocab)

Saw Africa in a different way than the norm of the time "to be the spiritual conservatory of the world". He saw the value and uniqueness of Africa where others sought to exploit.

In what ways did the industrial revolution shape the character of the nineteenth century european imperialism?

Success and productivity of the European Industrial revolution lead to the need for raw materials, markets and generated great wealth throughout the world. This changed the patterns of economic and social life. The ineed for raw material and markets caused european to reachout throughout the rest of the world to meet their needs. European Nationalism was the single greatest factor that lead to imperialism.

Congo Free State (vocab)

The most infamously cruel forced labor occurred in the Congo Free State ruled by Kin Leopold II.

In what different ways was colonial rule established in various parts of Africa and Asia?

The passage to colonial status occurred various ways, in India conquest grew out of the early interaction with European trading firms. For most of Africa, mainland Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands came later out of competition for resources and markets. Ultimately the European understanding of gaining colonial rule can be summed up in the following statement "whatever happens we have got the Maxim gun [an automatic machine gun] and they have not."

Why might make people take part in migrant work?

famine, disease, and regional conflict lead to migration.

How did the policies of colonial states change the economic lives of their subjects?

forced labor had the greates impacton cultures in the colonized areas of the world. Some of the forced labor was based upon an amount of service to the state, others included an additional percentage of land that was cultivated. Ultimately colonialization was an exploitation of resources and that included people.

Cultivation system (vocab)

industrialization of agriculture by shaping the environment.

Western-educated elite (vocab)

native people who have received - western education.