AP Human Geography Midterm Review

Ernst Ravenstein's demographic studies focused mainly on ___________. A. Migration B. Natural increases in populations C. Spatial interactions D. Fertility rates E. Population density

A

In 1990, an outbreak of cholera killing over 10,000 people occurred in ___________. A. Haiti B. Africa C. West Asia D. Bangladesh

A

The greater the distance from the hearth, the less likely an innovation will be adopted. This is referred to as ___________. A. Inverse innovation rule B. Adoption avoidance C. Distance decay D. Cultural repulsion

C

The lack of penetration of alcoholic beverages Islamic regions illustrates the effect of ___________ on cultural diffusion. A. Cultural taste B. Poor transport systems C. Cultural barriers D. Psychological barriers

C

The location of a place in relationship to other places of features around it is called ___________. A. Absolute location B. Site C. Relative location D. Index of placeness

C

The most recent glaciation of the Pleistocene was the _________ Glaciation. A. Illinoian B. Kansan C. Wisconsinan D. Nebraskan

C

The spread of disease where nearly all adjacent individuals are affected is an example of ___________. A. Relocation diffusion B. Independent infection C. Contagious diffusion D. Stimulus diffusion

C

A good example of a functional region would be ___________. A. A city and its surrounding region B. Region where everyone speaks French C. Region where farming practices are the same D. Region of a similar climate

A

By the early 21st Century, crude birth rates were highest in ___________. A. Asia, Latin America, and Africa B. Asia, Europe, and Africa C. Europe, North America, and Latin America D. North America, Africa, and Asia E. Latin America, North America, and Asia

A

Cultura geographers identify a single element of normal practice (e.g. cattle herding) as ___________. A. A culture trait B. A cultural peculiarity C. A culture region D. A cultural heritage

A

Culture hearths should be viewed in the context of ___________ as well as space. A. Time B. Location C. Innovations D. Population

A

During the Pleistocene, glaciers extend as far as ________. A. St. Louis and Seattle B. Moscow and Rome C. Paris and San Francisco D. London and Belgrade

A

During the first decades of the twentieth century, African American families in the US migrated primarily to ___________. A. The North B. The West C. The Northwest D. Other southern states farther west

A

Muhammad founded Islam in the 500s CE in and around the cities of Mecca and Medina. This statement ________. A. Identifies a cultural trait B. Identifies a custom C. Identifies a process of cultural diffusion D. Represents the process of contagious diffusion

A

Some Middle Eastern countries are developing ________ as a resource to offset the inevitable decline in oil production and provide much needed water. A. Deslinization B. Deindustrialization C. Deforestation D. Decommericalization

A

The Polynesians reduced the forest of their islands to brush, and by the time of the arrival of the Europeans, had exterminated more than 80 percent of the regional birds due to their penchant for _________. A. Wearing bird-feather robes B. Eating bird's eggs C. Eating birds D. Collecting bird's nests

A

The amount of forest cutting that has gone on wherever humans locate has been very extensive. In the US, forests consist mainly of _________ trees. A. Second-growth B. Stumps and brushy C. Deciduous D. Coniferous

A

The art and science of mapmaking is called _______. A. Cartography B. Topography C. Physical geography D. Spatial analysis E. Territorial morphology

A

The gravity model describes an inverse relationship between the ___________. A. Volume of migration and the distance between source and destination B. Step migration and intervening opportunities C. Flows and counterflows of migrations D. Intervening obstacles and intervening opportunities E. Environmental push and pull factors and cultural push and pull factors

A

The highest densities of coal and oil burning, which causes acid rain, are associated with large concentrations of heavy manufacturing, such as those in ________. A. Western and Eastern Europe and the United States B. Coastal South America and Asia C. Eastern Europe and East Asia D. The Southern Hemisphere

A

The importance of the "spatial" approach that geographers use in their studies is that it shows ___________. A. The arrangement and organization of things on the surface to the Earth B. The history of an area C. Human activity only D. The political impact of boundaries

A

The spread of ideas, cultural traits, knowledge and skills from their place of origin to other areas where they are adopted is called ___________. A. Diffusion B. Adjustment C. Spreading D. Cultural invasion

A

The world distribution of precipitation is concentrated in ____________. A. Equatoria and tropical areas B. Mid-latitude regions C. High latitudes D. Subtropical regions

A

Which geographical theme would involve the study of the impact of the drainage of part of the Florida Everglades? A. Human-environment B. Movement C. Place D. Location

A

Which of the following best describes the phenomenon of demographic momentum? A. Despite a falling fertility rate, the population of a country with a large percentage of young people continues to grow B. In countries where birth rates have declined, the proportion of elderly people naturally increase C. The drop in infant mortality accounts for a large part of the decline in the overall death rate in recent years in many countries D. The difference between the number of births and the number of deaths during a specific period of explained by demographic momentum E. The average number of years that a child can expect to live increases as a country industrializes

A

Which of the following is NOT A physical site characteristic? A. The location of smaller street in relation to a main street B. Amount of rainfall C. Type of soil D. Elevation E. Type of vegetation

A

Which of the following was predicted by Thomas Malthus in the late 18th Century? A. Population growth in the future would be checked by famine, disease, and wars B. Population growth in the future would have no checks to slow it down C. Population growth in the future would be checked by industrial development D. Population growth in the future would be supported by increasing food supplies E. Population growth in Europe would be checked by increased colonization and immigration

A

Which of the following would be best illustrated by a large-scale map? A. The arrangement of streets in a village B. Major road crossings in a town C. Connecting highways between towns in a region D. Major highways that connect regions in a large country E. Connections among major world cities

A

The geologic epoch, characterized by global warming, in which we are now living is the ______. A. Pliocene B. Holocene C. Pleistocene D. Miocene

B

The physical location of a place using the Earth's latitude-longitude grid is properly called the ___________. A. Relative location B. Absolute location C. Referenced location D. Grid plan

B

By the time the last great cholera pandemic began in 1865, people knew to take precautions against _________ and ended the great waves of cholera. A. Traveling in groups B. Contaminated water C. Eating canned food D. Improper disposal of garbage

B

Changes in climate involve changes in the ________ cycle, which in turn affects patterns of precipitation. A. Nitrogen B. Hydrologic C. Oxygen D. Ozone

B

Geographer Carl O. Sauer is most closely connected with ___________. A. Natural landscape B. Cultural landscape C. Regional geography D. Location theory

B

Irish migration to North America in the mid-1800s in an example of ___________. A. Forced migration B. Migration which reflects both forced and voluntary aspects of migration C. Voluntary migration D. Cyclical migration

B

Linear, centralized, random, and grid patterns help to define the _____________. A. Position of something on earth's surface B. Arrangement of objects on earth's surface in relation to other objects C. Distance between objects on a map and the distance between objects on earth's surface D. Organization of earth's surface into distinct areas E. Physical gap or distance between two objects

B

Location, human-environment interaction,region, place, and moveoment are _______. A. Ancient concepts used to study volcanoes B. Key themes of geographic study C. Concepts that affect the global economy D. Concepts that people use to collect water

B

Much of Kenya's income comes from ___________. A. Oil B. Coffee and tea production C. Iron ore D. Tourism

B

The boundaries of rocky crustal plates (theory of plate tectonics) are associated with __________. A. Deserts B. Earthquakes and volcanoes C. Ice caps D. Pains regions

B

The climatic record documenting the beginning of the Little Ice Age was partially pieced together by using farmer's diaries. Those of _______ were most useful. A. Dairy farmers B. Wine growers C. Grain farmers D. Vegetable growers

B

The cultural landscape of Dar es Salaam is a composite of several different culture groups which have administered the place. British policy stimulated the development of a district of 3 to 4 story building that reminded them of ___________. A. London B. Bombay C. Nairobi D. Paris

B

The distribution of precipitation over the areas of the Earth is sustained through a process called the ________. A. Jet stream shift B. Hydrologic cycle C. Cyclonic system shift D. Upper air circulation

B

The pressure that people place on the land to produce enough food is measured by ___________. A. Arithmetic (crude) density B. Physiological population density C. Population concentrations D. The stationary population level E. The demographic equation

B

What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water? A. 90 B. 70 C. 50 D. 20

B

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding population policies in India? A. India's successful population policies have most likely prevented the country from becoming the most populous country in the world as early as 2030 B. Despite policy coordination problems, India's birth rate has dropped by more than half in the last 35 years C. India's government has made few attempts to curtail population growth D. Like China, India has had a problem coordinating a centralized population policy E. India has followed China's lead in establishing a "one child policy" on the national level

B

Which of the following is an example of the spatial analysis tradition in geography? A. Natural vegetation on hillsides B A checkerboard pattern created by agricultural use of land C. The sizes of major oceans D. the number of shops constructed in New England E. Flight patterns of birds in migration

B

Which of the following modern trends is most directly responsible for the phenomenon of space-time compression? A. Regionalization B. Globalization C. Democratization D. Fragmentation C. Acculturation

B

Which of the following was the most significant human migration to occur during the 19th and early 20th centuries? A. Emigration form Asia to Europe B. Emigration from Europe to the Americas C. Emigration from Africa to Asia D. Emigration ffrm Latin America to North Amercia E. Emigration from Asia to North America

B

Which question below is not a geographic question? A. Where are the homes of cholera victims located? B. When was cholera discovered? C. Which Haitian province has experienced the most deaths from cholera? D. How has cholera spread throughout Haiti?

B

The diffusion of the idea of the hamburger to India but with a vegetable patty instead of the religiously prohibited beef is an example of ___________. A. Cultural mimicry B. Cultural barrier C. Stimulus diffusion D. Independent invention

C

A good example of a formal region would be a ___________. A. Region surrounding a manufacturing complex B. City and its surrounding region C. Region of similar language D. Region showing the migration to a central location

C

A tsunami's waves result from _______. A. Tidal conditions B. High storm winds called "tsunamis" C. Earthquake displacement of the seafloor D. Periodic floods

C

Analysis of how businesses describe their businesses by region in phone books helped cultural geographers define perceptual regions of ___________. A. Income in Washington D.C. B. Religious preferences in Europe C. The United States and Canada D. The preferences of Pennsylvania college students

C

Chicago's absolute location has not changed but its relative location changed markedly in 1959 because ___________. A. Lake Michigan shrank B. O'Hare international airport opened and Chicagoans could fly to Europe C. The St. Lawrence Seaway was opened, helping Chicago's port expand D. New railroads replaced the old, worn-out rails

C

Globally, the consumption of resources is tied to __________ more than any other factor. A. Population numbers B. Technology C. Rate of population growth D. Proximity to resources

C

Growing understanding of the effects of the Little Ice Age leads to the suggestion that the chief cause of the rapid collapse of the Jamestown colony may well have been ________. A. Flooding B. Shortened growing season C. A seven-year drought D. Poor farming practices

C

If it is 9 A.M. in New York City, what time would it be in Los Angeles (assuming both are on standard time)? A. Noon B. 10 AM C. 6 AM D. 1 PM E. 7 AM

C

In geography, scale means ___________. A. The distance between two places B. How many people live in a place C. The distance on a map compared to distance on the Earth D. The average income of a country

C

The "mortality revolution" occurred in Europe during the mid-19th Century when ___________. A. Birth rates dropped significantly B. Pandemics lowered population levels dramatically C. Death rates dropped significantly D. Birth rates and death rates both rose significantly E. A stationary population level was achieved

C

The Little Ice Age began to affect Europe in which century? A. Fourteenth B. Fifteenth C. Sixteenth D. Seventeenth

C

The Sea of Galilee forms a large freshwater reservoir in the Jordan Valley and is the source of most of the water for which of the following countries? A. Syria B. Jordan C. Israel D. Lebanon

C

The concern of geography with space and patterns puts ___________ at the center of its agenda. A. Patterns B. Distance C. Scale D. Places

C

The coordinates of absolute location are useful mainly in determining exact ___________. A. Distance B. Directions C. Distance and directions D. Elevations

C

Which of the following is LEAST likely to have a high population density? A. Coastal areas of South America B. River valley areas of Africa C. Interior areas of Australia D. Sea level altitudes in North America E. Coastal areas of India

C

Which of the following is a type of region categorization that emphasizes the relationship between core and peripheral areas? A. Formal regions B. Uniform regions C. Functional regions D. Perceptual regions E. Vernacular regions

C

Which of the following is an accurate state about the population of China? A. The population is spread out fairly evenly across the country B. Population is more concentrated in the southern part of the country C. The western part of the country is sparsely populated D. Population hugs the coastlines with almost no large inland cities E. Population is more concentrated in the northern part of the country

C

Which of the following is the most important function of a toponym? A. To define the mathematical relationship between the size of an area on a map and its actual size B. To define a location relative to other human and physical features on the landscape C. To distinguish a particular place from other places on earth D. To identify similarities of physical or cultural features within a region E. To determine precise absolute locations on earth

C

__________ describes a field of study that considers the roles of political economics, power, and history in shaping human environmental interactions. A. Danger B. Politics C. Political-ecology D. Economics

C

___________ refers to the infusing of a locality with meaning and emotion. A. Regionalization B. Human-environment interaction C. Sense of place D. Location theory

C

Canada's two largest language-based ethnic groups are ___________. A. English and Spanish B. Russian and Inuit C. English and German D. English and French E. French and German

D

Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by the release of ________ into the atmosphere. A. Volcanic ash B. CO₂ C. Methane D. Chlorofluorocarbons

D

During the late 1800s, an important pull factor for immigrants to the United States was ___________. A. A potato famine in Ireland B. Political unrest of Germany and Eastern Europe C. Political persecution in Russia D. The Industrial Revolution in the U.S. E. Forced migration of slaves from Africa

D

Forests affect the atmosphere through their role in (the) ___________. A. Global warming B. Production of CO₂ C. Desertification D. Oxygen cycle

D

Gender studies of migration indicate that men ___________ than women. A. Are more mobile B. Migrate farther C. Have more employment choices and income D. All of the above

D

Geographers might use Geographic Info Systems (GIS) ________. A. To map layers showing voters, their party registration, their race, and their income B. To map grassland wildfires in South Dakota C. To map earthquake damage in Chile D. All of these

D

Geographers often divide the world into _______. A. Formal regions B. Functional regions C. Perceptual regions D. All of these

D

Human geographers focus ________. A. On how people make places B. On how we organize space in a society C. On how we interact with each other in places and across space D. All of the above

D

Human geographers focus ____________. A. On how people make places. B. On how we organize and space a society. C. On how we interact with each other in places and across space. D. All of the above

D

Human habitation of the Pacific Islands is estimated to have led to the extinction of ________ bird species. A. 0 B. 18 C. 137 D. 2000

D

Mathematical calculations using latitude and longitude allow us to determine the __________. A. Relative location of a particular place B. Physical site characteristics of all places C. Toponym of a particular place D. Absolute location of a particular place E. Arrangement of objects on earth's surface

D

Most of the one billion malnourished people in the world ________. A. Have little power B. Have little money C. Are women or children D. All of the above

D

Nineteenth Century American English contains words that are Dutch, Native American, Spanish, French, and German. Most of this growth of the language was the product of ___________. A. Multicultural curriculum in the schools B. International broadcast media C. A fashion for including exotic words D. Relocation diffusion of various gropus

D

Over the past century the pace of human environmental change has ___________. A. Almost completely stopped B. Declined slightly from earlier rates C. Has remained constant D. Increased significantly

D

Refugees fleeing from the Balkans during the 1990s were mostly reacting to ___________. A. Economic push factors B. Economic pull factors C. cultural pull factors D. Cultural push factors E. Environmental push factors

D

The Chinese government's population policies since 1979 have resulted in ___________. A. An overall reduction in the country's population B. A disproportionately large number of young women in the population C. Tighter restrictions for family sizes of ethnic minorities than for the Han Chinese D. A rapidly aging population E. A strict one-child policy for almost all families

D

The Kyoto Protocol ________. A. Addresses US-Japan trade imbalances B. Addresses Japan-European trade imbalances C. Addresses Asian deforestation D. Addresses global climate change

D

The US government agency most directly responsible for counting and collecting info about the country's inhabitants is the ___________. A. Office of Administration B. Office of Management and Budget C. Department of Health and Human Services D. Census Bureau E. Federal Reserve Board

D

The demographic equation summarizes population change over time in an area by combining ___________. A. Immigration and emigration rates B. Spatial interactions and migrations C. Distance decay and step migration D. Natural change and net migration E. Push and pull factors for migration

D

The mental map you have of places you routinely visit is a map of your ___________. A. Neighborhood B. Inner world C. Region D. Activity spaces

D

The set of processes that are increasing interactions deepening relationships and heightening interdependence regardless of national boundaries are called ___________. A. Spatial B. Nationalizing C. Ecological D. Gobalization

D

Which of the following characteristics of a place is most important in determining centrality or isolation? A. Absolute location B. Physical site characteristics C. Toponym D. Relative location E. Pattern

D

Which of the following is NOT one of the key "greenhouse" gasses? A. Carbon dioxide B. Methane C. Nitrous oxides D. Ozone

D

A special type of map designed to reveal the nature of local topography is called a _________. A. Peters projection map B. Robinsosn projection map C. Loal-global continuum map D. Reference map E. Contour map

E

According to demographic transition theory at which stages in a country's development is population most likely to increase? A. Stages 1 and 2 B. Stages 3 and 4 C. Stages 2 and 4 D. Stages 1 and 4 E. Stages 2 and 3

E

All of the following are correct statements about time zones EXCEPT __________. A. Time zones are geometrically subdivided by meridians each 15 degrees of longitude apart B. The local time in neighboring zones is exactly one hour different C. The organization of the world into time zones requires that somewhere on the globe the date has to change D. Many areas have adopted daylight savings time during spring and summer months E. The People's Republic of China has more time zones than the United States because China is a larger country

E

If it is midnight at the prime meridian, then at the International Date Line it is ___________. A. Midnight of the previous day B. Midnight of the following day C. 6 P.M. D. 6 A.M. E. Noon

E

In recent years, a significant intraregional migration has occurred from Afghanistan to ___________. A. India B. The United States C. Australia D. Southeast Asia E. Pakistan

E

In recent years, death rates in developing countries have ___________. A. Stayed the same B. Decreased slightly C. Increased slightly D. Increased significantly E. Decreased significantly

E

Population density is most often represented by ___________. A. Population pyramids B. Circle graphs C. Contour D. Toponyms E. Dot maps

E

The geographer who first calculated the earth's circumference with relative accuracy was ________. A. Ptolemy B. Idrisi C. George Perkins Marsh D. Carl Sauer E. Eratosthenes

E

Which of the following areas of the world generally have net out-migration? A. Asia and North America B. Africa and Europe C. Latin American and Oceania D. Europe and North America E. Africa and Asia

E