AP II Endocrine System
Too little secretion of cortisol causes
Addison's disease
In general, the effects of natriuretic peptides are____ to those of the renin-angiotensin system.
antagonistic
Steroid hormones
bind to receptors in the nucleus of their target cells.
Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except
build up bone
The primary function of ADH is to
decrease the amount of water lost at the kidneys.
After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex,
gene transcription is initiated.
Excess secretion of growth hormone during early development will cause
gigantism
When blood glucose levels fall,
glucagon is released.
All target cells
have hormone receptors and respond to chemical signals.
Norepinephrine and ephinephrine are considered to be ___ when released into the bloodstream, but ___ when released at synapses.
hormones; neurotransmitters
Identify the hormone labeled "13" Picture: hormone going to ovaries/testes
oxytocin
The hormone that may be slowly administered by intravenous drip to accelerate labor and delivery is
oxytocin
The testes produce
testosterone
Insulin is produced by
the beta cells of the pancreatic islets
Identify the hormone labeled "4" Picture: hormone going to thyroid gland
thyroid-stimulating hormone
Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except
thyroid-stimulating hormone.
The pituitary hormone that promotes egg development in ovaries and sperm development in testes is
FSH
Which of the following substances acts as a second messenger?
cyclic AMP
The hypophyseal portal system:
1. carries neurosecretions to the anterior lobe of the pituitary 2. has two capillary plexuses connected by short veins 3. carries ADH and oxytocin
The pituitary hormone that causes the kidney to reduce water loss is
ADH
Neurons of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus manufacture
ADH and OXT
The pituitary hormone that triggers the release of thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland is
TSH
A hormone that helps to regulate the sodium ion content of the body is
aldosterone
The C cells of the thyroid gland produce
calcitonin
Calcium ions serve as messengers, often in combination with the intracellular protein
calmodulin
Identify the hormone labeled "1" Picture: suprarenal gland
corticotropin (ACTH)
Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system?
epinephrine
The ovaries secrete ___ when stimulated by FSH
estrogen
The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex produces
mineralocorticoids
Identify the hormone labeled "5" Picture: hormone released from thyroid gland
thyroxin (thyroid hormones
An excess of glucocorticoids results in what disease?
Cushing's disease
Which of the following is a known effect of thyroid hormone on peripheral tissues?
1. increased heart rate 2. increased sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation 3. increased oxygen consumption 4. increased body temperature
The hormone oxytocin
1. promotes uterine contractions 2. rises during sexual arousal 3. is responsible for milk expression from the mammary glands
The pituitary hormone that controls the release of steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex is
ACTH
The posterior pituitary gland secretes
ADH
The link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones is usually
a G protein.
Inability of the pancreas to produce insulin results in
diabetes mellitus
Activation of the renin-angiotensin system would result in all of the following except
increased urine production
The pancreatic hormone that causes blood sugar to enter its target cells is
insulin
When blood glucose levels rise,
insulin is released.
The condition known as goiter can result from too
little iodine in the diet
Destruction of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus would have which result?
loss of ADH secretion
Which of the following might occur in an overdose of insulin?
low blood glucose
Calcitonin is a hormone that can
lower blood levels of calcium ion
The pituitary hormone that stimulates milk production by the mammary glands is
prolactin
If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ___ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS)
resistance
The consistent pattern of hormonal and physiological responses to stresses of different kinds called general adaptation syndrome has all the following phases except
restorative
The hypothalamus controls secretion by the anterior pituitary by
secreting releasing and inhibiting factors into a tiny portal system.
Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing hormones called
somatomedins
Hormones that dominate during the resistance phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are the
glucocorticoids
The most complex endocrine responses that integrate the nervous and endocrine system involve the
hypothalamus.
Where does the chemical reaction between the thyroglobulin and iodine take place?
in the lumen of the thyroid follicle
If the pars intermedia of the pituitary is destroyed, the pituitary would no longer be able to secrete which of the following hormones?
melanocytes-stimulating hormone