AP II Final Exam Quiz/Exam II
The site of gas exchange within the lungs are the
alveoli
The classic pathway of complement activation begins when the complement protein bind to
an antibody attached to an antigen
Nonspecific defenses would not include
antibodies
A substance that provokes an immune response is called a(n)
antigen
The attraction or repulsion of certain cells to chemicals in their environment is called
chemotaxis
Immunity that is genetically determined and present at birth is called ___________immunity.
innate
Absorption of O2 from blood and release of CO2 from tissue cells is known as
internal respiration
Characteristics of specific defenses include all of the following except
intrinsic
Inhaling through the nostrils is preferred over the mouth because
it allows for better conditioning of the inhaled air
The vocal folds are located within the
larynx
Components of the upper respiratory system include all of the following except the
lips
______________are large lymphoid nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx
lymph nodes
This type of vessel begins at the peripheral tissues and ends at the veins
lymphatics
Class II MHC molecules are found only on which of the following?
lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells
________________ cells enable the immune system to respond quickly and robustly fit he same antigen is encountered a second time.
memory
___________are clusters of lymphoid nodules deep to the epithelial lining of the small intestine.
peyer's patches
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens are the
phagocytes
What branches from the trachea
primary bronchi
In response to tissue damage and infection, circulating proteins called pyrogens
produce a fever
In response to tissue damage and infections, circulating proteins called pyrogens
produce a fever
Lymph nodes do all of the following except
produce antibodies
What tissue type lines most of the upper respiratory system?
pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of erythrocytes are known as
red pulp
During a choking episode, most foreign objects are more likely to become lodged in the _______ bronchus due to its larger diameter and steeper angle.
right primary
Which organ is responsible for removing unwanted antigens from the blood?
spleen
Lymphocytes are produced and stored in all of the following except the brain the thymus lymphoid nodules lymph node organs the spleen
the brain
the glottis is
the opening of the larynx
When the diaphram and external intercostal muscles contract,
the volume of the thorax increases
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the
thoracic duct
The right lung has ______; the left lung has _____________.
three lobes, two lobes
Stem cells that will form T cells develop in the
thymus
T is to ______________ as B is to _____________
thymus-dependent; bone marrow-derived
_________exists when the immune system does not respond to a particular antigen.
tolerance
The airway that connects the larynx to the bronchi is the
trachea
Interferons are released by some macrophages and lymphocytes, but also by cells carrying what pathogen?
viruses
Areas of the spleen that contain large aggregations of lymphocytes are known as
white pulp
The cells responsible for antibody-mediated immunity are the ______cells.
B
The body's nonspecific defense include all of the following except
B and T cells
The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing is the
Epiglottis
Air moves out of the lungs when the pressure inside the lungs is
Greater than the pressure in the atmosphere
The nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by the
Hard palate
Cells that help regulate the antibody-mediated immune response of B cells are _______cells.
Helper T
Immunoglobulins that are primarily found in glandular secretions such as mucus, saliva, and tears are
IgA
Immunoglobulins that are found on the surface of B cells and may activate antibody production are
IgD
The beating of cilia of the respiratory passages in the direction of the pharynx forms the
Mucous Escalator
The cells that perform immunological surveillance are the _____________ cells.
NK
The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive systems is the
Pharynx
Which of the following represent the smallest tubes in the respiratory system?
Respiratory Bronchioles
The cells directly responsible for cell-mediated immunity are the _____________cells.
T cells
Air entering the body is filtered, warmed and humidified by the
Upper Respiratory Tract
_________is the most common lethal inherited disease, which results in the thickening of the mucus of the upper respiratory tract.
Cystic Fibrosis
Lymphocytes that destroy foreign cells or virus-infected cells are ________cells.
Cytoxic T
Examples of physical barriers against pathogens include all of the following except
blood
in passive immunity, the
body receives antibodies produced by other humans,or the body receives antibodies produced by an animal
Inflammation produces all of the localized effects except
decreased blood flow
The primary function of the lymphatic system is
defending the body against both environmental hazards and internal threats.
The following is not true about the immune system
depends on erethrocytes
External respiration involves the
diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood
The lymphocytes are most important in
fighting infection
The condition of having low tissue oxygen level is known as
hypoxia
Immunoglobulins, formed of five subunits, which are the first antibodies to be produced in response to infection are
igM
Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ________ immunity.
naturally acquired active
Immunity that results from exposure to an antigen in the environment is called ___________immunity.
naturally aquired active
The direction in which lymph flows into the lymphatic capillaries is
one direction
After being diagnosed with pneumonia, a patient is given an injection of antibodies to speed recovery. What type of specific immunity is this?
passive artificial