AP lecture exam 2

Translation A. requires three types of DNA B. requires the pairing of codons on mRNA with anticodons on tRNA C. involves synthesis of RNA from DNA molecules D. takes place in the nucleus E. requires replication of DNA

B

a DNA nucleotide sequence that signals the beginning of a gene is called a A. transcription factor B. promoter C. triplet D. terminator E. RNA polymerase

B

arrange the following in correct sequence: (1) protein moves through ER and then carried in vesicles to Golgi apparatus (2) vesicle pinches off from the Golgi apparatus and carries product to plasma membrane (3) Golgi apparatus packages proteins into vesicles (4) protein made by ribosomes on rough ER A. 1,2,3,4 B. 4,1,3,2 C. 2,3,1,4 D. 3,2,4,1 E.4,3,2,1

B

metabolism is a term that describes A. all work done by a living organism B. all chemical reactions that take place within an organism C. only chemical reactions that release ATP from living cells D. the energy released from chemical bonds in living cells E. the extraction of nutrients from biomolecules

B

place the following events for gene expression in the correct order: 1) the ribosome assembles around the start codon in mRNA 2) the mRNA moves out of the nucleus 3) RNA polymerase separates the 2 DNA strands 4) the polypeptide elongated during translation 5) mRNA is made A. 2,1,4,5,3 B. 3,5,2,1,4 C. 3,2,5,1,4 D. 3,5,1,4,5 E. 1,4,3,2,1

B

the _______ is the site of ribosome production A. nucleus B. nucleolus C. mitochondria D. cytosol E. lysosome

B

the __________ analyzes input and determines the appropriate response A. receptor B. integrating (control) center C. effector D. set point E. regulated variable

B

the four most abundant elements in the human body are A. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron B. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen C. calcium, hydrogen, sodium, and potassium D. carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and zinc E. carbon, sulfur, calcium, and potassium

B

the sequence of nucleotides in a messenger RNA molecule is needed to determine the sequence of A. nucleotides in a gene B. amino acids in a protein C. nucleotides in the anticodons of tRNA D. codons in DNA E. amino acids in DNA

B

when ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions A. cling tightly together B. dissociate or separate from one another C. lose their charge D. get lost in the solvent E. settle to the bottom of the container

B

which of the following organ systems carries necessary compounds like oxygen and nutrients throughout the body? A. nervous B. cardiovascular C. urinary D. lymphatic E. respiratory

B

deoxyribose is a sugar found in A. glycogen B. glucose C. DNA D. RNA E. ATP

C

cells synthesize new biomolecules for which of the following reasons? A. structural maintenance B. growth and repair C. produce cell secretions D. store nutrients E. all of the answers are correct

E

during translation, _________ is synthesized in the _________ . A. DNA : nucleus B. RNA : nucleus C. protein : nucleus D. RNA : cytoplasm E. protein : cytoplasm

E

plasma membrane phospholipids A. have non polar fatty acid tails B. form a bilayer C. have polar phosphate heads D. create a selectively permeable barrier E. all of these choices are correct

E

polar molecules tend to be A. hydrophobic B. insoluble in water C. hydrophilic D. soluble in water E. C and D

E

A codon is _________ A. a series of three nucleotides found in mRNA that codes for an amino acid B. the sequence of amino acids within a protein C. a monosaccharide linked to a disaccharide D. a phosphate group attached to a base E. a membrane- bound protein that binds hormones

A

_________ are molecules that contain primarily carbons and hydrogens linked together by covalent bonds A. lipids B. carbohydrates C. proteins D. nucleotides E. polysaccharides

A

a bond in which electrons are shared equally A. covalent bond B. hydrogen bond C. polar covalent bond D. ionic bond

A

the function of the glycocalyx is to A. provide an identification tag for the cell B. allow substances to cross the plasma membrane C. create a barrier between the inside and outside of the cell D. provide a scaffold on to which extracellular fibers can attach E. form a net that will catch nutrients

A

the sequence and number of amino acids in the polypeptide chain A. primary structure B. quaternary structure C. secondary structure D. tertiary structure

A

Cells that make and secrete a lot of steroid hormones (steroids are lipids) such as those found in the testes and ovaries would have an abundance of this organelle? A. mitochondria B. peroxisomes C. smooth endoplasmic reticulum D. rough endoplasmic reticulum E. ribosomes

C

Endocytosis A. is movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane B. describes the movement of proteins through the endomembrane system C. is the bulk uptake of material through the plasma membrane by vesicle formation D. moves material out of the cell E. is the last step in cell division

C

chlorine atoms have seven electrons in the outermost shell. as a result, you would expect chlorine to form ions with a charge of A. +1 B. +2 C. -1 D. -2 E. either +1 or -1

C

homeostasis is a term which describes the process whereby the body _______ A. affects the external environment B. maintains a constant external environment C. maintains a constant internal environment D. maintains a variable internal environment E. maintains a constant internal and external environment

C

the amphipathic property of phospholipids can be described as __________ A. a polar molecule that dissolves in water B. a non polar region that dissolves in water and a polar region that is hydrophobic C. a polar region that dissolves in water and a non polar region that is hydrophobic D. a non polar molecule that is not soluble in water

C

the pH value A. increases with acidity B. is measured on a scale from 0 to 10 C. is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions D. reflects the sodium content of body fluids E. decreases with alkalinity

C

the polysaccharide that is formed in liver and muscle cells to store glucose is called A. lactose B. cellulose C. glycogen D. sucrose E. fructose

C

which of the following is true regarding the nucleus? A. ATP synthesis B. ribosomal proteins are made C. contains chromatin D. manufacture oh phospholipids E. none of these events occurs in the nucleus

C

which of the following molecules contains the anticodon? A. mRNA B. rRNA C. tRNA D. DNA E. none of these choices are correct

C

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) A. is nucleotide found in DNA B. stores genetic information C. is a sugar found in transfer RNA D. serves as the energy battery of the cell E. can store, but cannot release energy in the cell

D

in the chemical equation: A + B <-> C + D, which of the chemicals would be termed the product(s)? A. A only B. B only C. A and B D. C and D E. C only

D

the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a molecule of water are held together by A. ionic bonds B. peptide bonds C. savings bond D. polar covalent bonds E. non polar bonds

D

the integumentary system A. provides a protective barrier for the body B. breaks down food into small particles for absorption C. controls intellectual functions D. produces body movements E. coordinates and integrates body function

D

the valence number is: A. the total number of electrons B. the total number of protons C. the total number of neutrons D. the number of electrons in outermost shell E. the number of protons + electrons

D

what strand of mRNA would be transcribed from the following strand of DNA: AATG A. TTUC B. TTAC C. UUGT D. UUAC E. GGUA

D

which of the following organelles function in the destruction of nonfunctional organelles? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. centrioles C. basal bodies D. lysosomes E. mitochondria

D

CTATGAGGA is a DNA sequence that codes for the following amino acids: A. leu asn val B. pro cys arp C. phe asn ala D. ile val ser E. asp thr pro

E