Texas History (Chapter 1-10)
Where did De Leon propose that presidios be constructed to support the new Spanish commitment in Texas?
Along the Rio Grande, Frio River, and the Guadalupe River.
The ________ lived in Southwestern Louisiana and in southeast Texas from the Sabine to the San Jacinto Rivers.
Atakapan Indians
The Houston administration inherited a debt of _____________ from the revolution and had no effective way to raise money.
$1.25 million
The Houston administration inherited a debt of from the revolution and had no effective way to raise money.
$1.25 million
The Republican Party's split along sectional lines virtually assured victory for the Democratic candidate, Abraham Lincoln.
(True
On June 2, 1865, General Kirby Smith and General Magruder boarded a Union warship at Galveston and signed articles of surrender by which Confederate troops were paroled and allowed to return home.
*True
By 1830, the approximately _________ Anglo Americans in Texas began to give the province an indelible imprint of the Southern U.S.
10,000
The first humans reached the coastal plains of Texas _________ to _______ years ago.
10,000 to 12,000 years ago.
What percent of Texas farmers owned slaves by 1860?
33
What percent of Texas farmers owned slaves by 1860?
33%
The first people who migrated to Texas probably began the trip 18,000 to 20,000 years ago in Siberia and crossed _______ to the Americas.
Beringia
The leader of rebel forces in Texas against royal authorities, he recruited American money and volunteers in Louisiana
Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara
According to the author of Gone to Texas, President Polk wanted not only the Rio Grande boundary for Texas; he also intended to acquire this future state for the United States:
California
President Polk's desire to acquire ________ also led to war with Mexico.
California
It was fitting that the Army used these animals since West Texas was being called the "Great American Desert."
Camel
In 1857 Anglo teamsters, frustrated by their inability to break the near-monopoly of Mexican cartmen, began a campaign of terror, destroying carts, stealing freight, and in many cases killing drivers; this conflict became known as the
Cart War
In 1857, Anglo teamsters, frustrated by their inability to break the near-monopoly of Mexican cartmen, began a campaign of terror, destroying carts, stealing freight, and in many cases killing drivers; this conflict became known as the _________.
Cart War
All of the following contributed to destroying traditional native culture EXCEPT:
Changing weather patterns
The Battle of the Neches forced most __________ to move from Texas into the Indian Territoy of the United States.
Cherokees
The Battle of the Neches forced most to move from Texas into the Indian Territory of the United States.
Cherokees
The earliest Texas most useful weapons were spears tipped with 4-5 inch stone projectile points called
Clovis Fluted Point
The most fearsome Indian warriors were the
Comanches
This earliest mission site from 1682 is in contemporary Texas today, north of the Rio Grande, although not considered part of Texas in the Spanish era.
Corpus Christi de la Isleta
The most profitable export for Texas farmers, like the South in general, was
Cotton
In May 1836, more than 500 warriors attacked Parker's Fort in present-day Limestone County, killing the defenders and taking 9-year-old ___________ prisoner, who eventually married Chief Peta Nocona and gave birth to Quanah Parker, the last famous chief of the Comanches.
Cynthia Ann Parker
In May 1836, more than five hundred warriors attacked Parker's Fort in present-day Limestone County, killing the defenders and taking nine-year-old prisoner, who eventually married Chief Peta Nocona and gave birth to Quanah Parker. the last famous chief of the Comanches.
Cynthia Ann Parker
On January 3rd, 1691, the viceroy in Mexico City indicated the increasing importance of Texas by giving the province its own governor
Domingo Teran de los Rios.
By the 1770s, Texas had 3 ranching centers in all of the following areas EXCEPT
El Paso.
U.S. Army exploration and the establishment of forts in West Texas resulted in all of the following, except what?
Ending the threat of Indian raids
A majority of Texas slaves belonged to farmers who owned at least twn bondsmen, so their daily working lives were devoted to factory labor.
False
American expansion into the Mississippi River valley did not worry Spanish administrators of Texas and Louisiana.
False
Before annexation, Mexico and Texas had resolved conflicts with Texas Indians resulting in relative peace in Northwesten Texas.
False
British explorers journeyed down the Mississippi River from the Great Lakes region of Canada to lay claim to Texas and much of the Gulf Coast in the 1680s.
False
By 1830, the approximately 10,000 Anglo Americans in Texas began to give the province an indelible imprint of the northern United States, as most of these colonists were natives of the American North.
False
By the 1710s, population growth in East Texas and along the coast led to the Galveston's emergence as the center of Spanish culture in Texas.
False
By the mid-1740s Spanish Texas generally showed the signs of considerable growth with the missions in East Texas and at Los Adaes converting hundreds of Indians.
False
Cos believed that only military occupation could bring Texas under control, even though he also knew that Texans were very unlikely to resist.
False
During the 1840s and 1850s, mail to and from Texas to the Mississippi Valley and East Coast largely went through St. Louis.
False
Houston spoke optimistically about the republic, and he knew that it had built the internal strength necessary to survive as an independent nation.
False
In 1546, the Spanish found new sources of riches much closer to Mexico City than in faraway Texas when an exploring party discovered a mountain of silver ore 75 miles to the Southwest in present-day Guatemala.
False
In Spanish Texas, women had equal status with men in all areas, including the concepts of separate and community property.
False
Lamar's Indian policies and the relocation of the capital repaired the repubic's finanaces and helped reduce the debt inherited from Houston.
False
Moses Austin never made it into Texas, dying along the way, forcing his son Stephen to take over the project getting Americans to settle in Texas.
False
Most of the planters and farmers who produced cotton with slave labor failed to profit from their investments.
False
Most white Texans owned slaves.
False
Numerous battles took place in Texas during the Mexican war, and many Texans-- in all, some 50,000 to 70,000 men-volunteered during the summer of 1846 for service in Taylor's army as it prepared to invade Mexico.
False
Obtaining diplomatic recognition from the United States, the first step toward eventual annexation, was easy for Texas.
False
On January 3rd, 1833, Santa Anna took over the national government from Bustamente, but 3 months later the Mexican states refused to elect him president.
False
On March 4th, with only one negative vote, the delegates named William Barrett Travis commander in chief of the entire Texas Army, volunteers and regulars alike.
False
Overall, the U.S. Army after the Mexican War failed to explore most of West Texas and devoted a large part of its manpower and money to building forts in East Texas to support the growing Texas Population there.
False
President Andrew Jackson sent Same Houston in 1832 to create a revolution in Texas.
False
Rancheros lived in spacious, flat-roofed houses that often, especially in the cases of ranches located in the Nueces Strip, had to serve as forst as well as homes.
False
Rumors of wealth led to further explorations into Texas by the Spanish commander, Cortez.
False
Sam Houston led the volunteer Texan army from Gonzales to victory at the Battle of Bexar.
False
Stephen F. Austin was the only Anglo-American empresario in Mexican Texas.
False
Teran's expedition was an unqualified success, founding eight new missions.
False
Texans assisted Spanish forces in the war of the American Revolution by sending thousands of troops to fight.
False
Texas assisted Spanish forces in the War of the American Revolution by sending thousands of troops to fight.
False
The Battle of San Jacinto, a great victory for the Texans and their tejano allies, left the Republic of Texas totally secure from that point forward.
False
The Conventions of 1832 and 1833 at San Felipe de Austin proposed Texas Independene from Mexico.
False
The Mexican Revolution did NOT affect Texas and no major political or military events occured in the frontier region.
False
The Republic of Texas, citing the Treaties of Velasco and the Boundary Act of 1836 for support, claimed that the Nueces River marked its boundary with Mexico.
False
The U.S. claimed that the Nueces River marked its boundary with Mexico.
False
The United States all but eliminated its military presence in South Texas during the first half of 1864 because its leaders decided to focus on an invasion of southern Louisiana and western Texas via the Rio Grande River.
False
The convention assembled at Washington-on-the-Brazos in March 1836 declared independence and established a Republic of Texas government without the participation of Tejano or Mexican delegates.
False
The earliest humans in Texas arrived by crossing the Atlantic Ocean on sailing ships 12,000 years ago.
False
The hunters who butchered bison on the Texas plains were remarkably ineffective, given the tools with which they worked.
False
The mission system in Texas was only a matter of arrogant Europeans interfering with and destroying native cultures.
False
The mission system in Texas was only a story of heroic sacrifice to bring civilization and salvation to the Indians.
False
While the development of a transportation system lagged during the 1840s and 1850s, manufacturing remained the largest part of the Texas economy and continually grew.
False
The government of Spain finally became interested in Texas because this other nation wanted it.
France
Spain's situation in the mid-1790s became more difficult because peace with ________ almost inevitably meant war with _________.
France; England
Texas differed from most other states of the Old South in notable ways, including a large concentration of immigrants from ________, who arrived during the 1840s and 1850s.
Germany
All of the following were early empresarios EXCEPT
Haden Edwards, Frost Thorn, and Green DeWitt.
The Consultation established a provisional Texas government including a governor, lieutenant governor, and General council. The Consultation elected who the governor of Texas?
Henry Smith
This prominent Confederate unit fought in every major battle from 1862 to 1865 including Second Manassas, Antietam, Gettysburg, and the defense of Richmond.
Hood's Texas Brigade
The reservation experiment came to an end in 1858-1859 amidst threats and violence orchestrated primarily by ________, a recently fired agent at the Clear Fork Reservation.
John R. Baylor
The reservation experiment came to an end in 1858-1859 amidst threats and violence orchestrated primarily by a recently fired agent at the Clear Fork Reservation.
John R. Baylor
_______ claimed all the lands drained by the Mississippi River for France and named the land Louisiana.
La Salle
________ became the capital of Spanish Texas and remained so until 1772.
Los Adaes
The most prominent denomination of Protestant Texans in the 1850s and 1860s remained
Methodists
The most prominent denomination of Protestant Texans in the 1850s and 1860s remained ________.
Methodists
Although he arrived in Texas in 1821, Austin's continuation of his father's empresario project required that he travel to Mexico City to secure the authorization of
Mexico's supreme government
Houston's second administration became a target of intense criticism for its inability to secure the release of Texan prisoners captured as a result of what expedition?
Mier
Taking a more aggressive approach toward Texas Indians and Mexico, this veteran of the Battle of San Jacinto emerged as President Houston's political opponent and succeeded him as president?
Mirabeau B. Lamar
The Constitution of the republic placed a two-year limit on the term of the first president, beginning in December 1836, so, the second president was
Mirabeau B. Lamar
His entrance into Texas in the 1680s provoked a serios of Spanish military and missionary responses.
Monsieur La Salle
Born in Connecticut in 1761, _________ established himself as a merchant and lead smelter in Virginia and then moved to Missouri, where, as a resident of Louisiana, he became a Spanish citizen in 1798.
Moses Austin
Most Texans in the Confederate Army served in
New Mexico, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Missouri
The disputed territory between the Rio Grande and the Nueces River is usually referred to as the ________.
Nueces Strip
Confederate and Union troops fought the last battle of the Civil War on May 13, 1865, at
O Palmito Ranch near Brownsville.
More than 25,000 Texans answered the Confederacy's call for volunteer soldiers after the attack on Fort Sumter.
O True
When it came to Secession, Sam Houston
O was against it.
After removing Gómez Farias from power. abolished the Constitution of 1824 and created a centralist state.
OSanta Anna
Confederate and Union troops fought the last battle of the Civil War on May 13, 1865, at
Palmito Ranch near Brownsville.
On December 21st, 1826, Haden Edwards, his brother Benjamin (and others) signed a declaration of independence creating the ________, which stretched from the Sabine River to the Rio Grande.
Republic of Fredonia
The first Federal attack on Texas in 1863 came in September at
Sabine Pass.
The new federal system of Mexico following the adoption of the Constitution of 1824 united the province of Texas with the State of Coahuila, relocating its administrative capital from San Antonio to _______.
Saltillo
In September 1841, the Republic elected _______ its next president.
Sam Houston
In September 1841, the Republic elected its next president.
Sam Houston
The Republic of Texas's first President (1836-38) was ___________.
Sam Houston
________ commanded the victorious Texas army in the decisive Battle of San Jacinto.
Sam Houston
Despite the official Spanish administrative capital at Los Adaes, east of the Sabine River, the largest concentration of spanish settlers in the 1730s was
San Antonio
Following battles in October 1835 at Gonzales and Goliad, a volunteer army of Anglo-Texans mobilized and expelled Mexican authorities from where?
San Antonio
In the early 1760s, _______ had developed into a truly viable community with successful missions and a population capable of supporting and defending itself with limited help from Mexico City.
San Antonio
The most important settlement in Texas after 1730 was
San Antonio
Austin governed American settlers in Texas from a new town on the Brazos River called
San Felipe
After removing Gomez Faria from power, _________ abolished the Constitution of 1824 and created a centralist state.
Santa Anna
After removing Gómez Farias from power, abolished the Constitution of 1824 and created a centralist state.
Santa Anna
The voyages of Columbus and the conquest of Mexico by Cortez established an Atlantic-crossing empire for _______.
Spain
Which of the following were Spanish advantages over the natives:
Superior mobility on land; superior mobility at sea; superior weapons.
Agreed to in 1819, __________ established a boundary between Louisiana and Texas.
The Adams-Onis Treaty
Their tattooed and painted appearance, relatively larger physical stature, and reputation for cannibalism provoked dread among other Native Americans and European explorers in Texas.
The Karankawa
The Republic of Texas cited these agreements to support their claim that the Rio Grande marked its boundary with Mexico.
The Treaties of Velasco and the Boundary Act of 1836
This treaty ended the Mexican War in February 1848 and established the Rio Grande as the boundary between Texas and Mexico.
The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
In 1841, President Lamar sent the Texas Navy to support Mexican rebels in _________.
The Yucatan
Violence between Texas Rangers, the U.S. Army, and Comanches from the 1850 to the 1870s resulted in what?
The relegation of the defeated Comanche onto reservations in Indian Territory, modem day Oklahoma
The ______________ in 1763 ended the Great War for Empire, which required dramatic revisions in maps showing the possessions of European nations in North America.
Treaty of Paris
"War Party" leaders such as william Barrett Travis provoked military conflicts with Mexican authorities at Anahuac and Velasco in the summer of 1835.
True
1842 marked what became known as the "Moderator-Regulator War," a serious civil disorder in an area of East Texas centering on Shelby County.
True
According to the Texas secession convention, the defense of slavery was the reason for disunion.
True
According to the author, the Alamo's defenders, like Santa Anna, fought not out of strategic necessity but for reasons perfectly understandable to themselves.
True
After the Battle of the Alamo, Santa Anna expressed indignation that any of the defenders remained alive and ordered their execution.
True
Anglo Americans poured into Austin's colony for a simple reason--cheap land.
True
Antebellum Texans loved to boast about the healthfulness of their region, but in reality virtually all suffered from diseases common to the Southern United States.
True
Before 1860 around San Antonio and along the river toward the coast, Tejano landholders found themselves threatened with violence and at times actually assaulted because they stood in the way of ambitious Anglos.
True
Comanche and Apache raids on Spanish settlements from the 1700s to 1720s provoked a Spanish retreat in the 1730s.
True
Comanches generally lived in Kinship bands with very limited political organization.
True
During the years he spent in the Galveston area, Cabeza de Vaca was at various times a doctor, a slave, and a merchant.
True
Extreme poverty is one of the likely reasons the Coahuiltecans were more receptive to Catholic missionary efforts compared to other Texas Indians.
True
French occupation of Spain in 1808 led to a political crisis in Spanish America over the next two decades resulting in Mexican independence.
True
Having lived for years with the Cherokees, Houston believed that the republic should demonstrate friendship with all Indians by negotiating treaties that established trade and promised even-handed justice.
True
Hernando de Soto, an adveturer who served with Francisco Pizarro in the conquest of Peru and became rich, landed in present-day Florida with 6 hundred men in May 1539 and spent the next 3 years moving about the region from there to Louisiana.
True
Imperial Wars with the British and French empires brought the second burst of Spanish colonization efforts in the 1740s and 1750s to a close, but these missions and towns established a more permanent Spanish presence in Texas.
True
In less than 15 years, Mexico populated Texas between the San Antonio and Sabine Rivers, and in the process created an Anglo-American province that threatened the interests of its Tejano and Indian inhabitants and stood on the verge of revolt against Mexico in 1835.
True
Interim President David Burnet protected Santa Anna from mob violence by transporting the Mexican prisoners from San Jacinto to Columbia, on the Brazos River.
True
It is true that Jackson wanted Texas and that he encouraged Sam Houston to go there in 1832, but there is no evidence of a conspiracy to bring Texas into American statehood.
True
Manuel de Mier y Teran surveyed Texas from 1827 to 1829; his reports confirmed Mexican fears that frontier regions would fall into the hands of foreigners.
True
Most Spanish Texans were illiterate, and neither they nor their children had an opportunity for education.
True
Most Texan Confederate soldiers served in New Mexico, Oklahoma, Missouri, and Arkansas.
True
Most slaves in Texas came with their masters as they moved from the Old South.
True
Native Texans preferred a more liberal policy with French traders.
True
Overland travel from northern Mexico to Spanish missions in Texan lands occupied by the Caddo and Karankawa led to the establishment of Spanish roads and colonies in 16th and 17th century Texas.
True
Perhaps the greatest long-range contribution of the missions at San Antonio and La Bahia was the establishment of ranching.
True
President Lamar had no interest in annexation, preferring to think of Texas as a "failure empire," so he concentrated on gaining recognition of the republic by European nations and establishing peace with Mexico.
True
President Tyler sent Congress a message in December 1844, recommending annexation by a joint resolution that would require only majority approval in both houses; the House of Representatives responded by passing an annexation resolution in the late January 1845, and, following minor amendments, the Senate concurred on the night of February 27th by the narrow margin.
True
Presidios, which were built first along the road from zacatecas to Mexico City, were garrisons of soldiers responsible for the security of particular point or area.
True
Rapid growth of the Anglo population in Texas pressured many Mexican Americans out of traditionally Tejano centers such as San Antonio and Victoria.
True
Sam Houston and the Texas Army defeated Santa Anna's forces in April 1836 at the Battle of San Jacinto.
True
Sam Houston served as the first and third president of Texas because the constitution prohibited candidates elected to successive terms.
True
Sam Houston's administration sent Santa Anna with Texan representatives to the United States to lobby for the recognition of Texan independence.
True
Slavery was definitely a factor in the Texas Revolution, but it was not the singular or immediate cause of rebellion.
True
Slaves demonstrated a desire for freedom in a variety of ways, including breaking tools, running away, and open rebellion.
True
Slaves' ultimate expression of hatred and rebellion, of course, was organized insurrection aimed at freeing large members of bondsmen and killing their masters.
True
South Texas included less than 10% of the state population in 1860 but was dominated by Tejanos.
True
Southern-born Texas were intensely Protestant and therefore generally unwilling to comply with the Mexican government's requirement that they practice the Catholic religion.
True
Spain contributed to the success of the colonies in the war of the American Revolution by keeping the Mississippi River open to the colonies and supplies throughout the war.
True
Texas offered Stephen F. Austin a cause, a way to escape his father's shadow, so, in this sense, he represented the mny men to whom "Gone to Texas" meant entering a land of new beginnings.
True
Texas slaves used their families, religious beliefs, and music to build a culture that helped them survive the mental and emotional assault of slavery.
True
Texas women lived in a complex world of restrictions and rights, yet were expected to aspire to the "true woman" ideals of piety and domesticity.
True
Texas's early foreign policy failures stemmed from the fact that other nations did not want trouble with Mexico.
True
The Adams-Onis Treaty established the boundary between Louisiana and Texas.
True
The Articles of Capitulation, signed on June 30th, 1832, called for the Mexicans to evacuate Anahuac and turn over their arms to the Anglos in return for safe passage to San Antonio.
True
The Atakapans, Karankawas, and Coahuiltecans lived largely by hunting, fishing, and gathering because the coastal plain was generally suitable for agriculture.
True
The Caddos' success in agriculture and crafts provided the basis for the development and maintenance of long-distance tading with other native groups.
True
The Chichimecas were nomads who subsisted as hunter-gatherers and had awe-inspiring skills with the bow and arrow.
True
The Clovis Fluted Point received its name from the New Mexico town just West of the Texas Panhandle where it was first discovered.
True
The Comanche signed a peace treaty with Spanish officials in 1785, ending decades of warfare.
True
The Council House Fight led to the greatest Comanche raid in the history of the Southwest when in August 1840 a band of approximately 500 warriors and another 500 members of their families swept into the Guadalupe Valley south of Gonzales.
True
The French, in order to secure Louisiana as their colony, created posts at Biloxi (1699) and Mobile (1702) and established the future city of New Orleans in 1718.
True
The U.S. government, which took over responsibility for Indian policy from the Republic of Texas in 1846, attempted at first to implement its traditional policy of negotiating peace treaties that regulated trade and land claims.
True
The US Army established a chain of new forts in West Texas in the aftermath of the US-Mexico War.
True
The delegates to the November 1835 Constitution were divided between cautious supporters of reconciliation with Mexico and assertive independence advocates.
True
The earliest Anglo migrants in the 1820s began making Texas Southern, and those who arrived during the years of the Republic accelerated the process.
True
The first Federal attack on Texas in 1863 came in September at Sabine Pass.
True
The first Texans remaind "Archaic" hunter-gatherers for 5-6 millenia, but approximately 1,500 years ago an agricultural revolution began, marking the onstep of the Late Prehistoric period.
True
The first documented Spanish exploration of Texas in the early 16th century included 4 castaways including Cabeza de Vaca and Estevanico.
True
The overthrow of Mexican Emperor Iturbide led to the establishment of a federalist-structured Mexican republic.
True
The people who came to Texas from the United States beginning around 1815 began the Anglo-American phase "Gone to Texas."
True
The strongest link of all between Texas and the American South was cotton production depended on slavery.
True
When Stephen Austin reached Saltillo on the way to return to Texas, he was arrested by Mexican authorities on January 3rd, 1834.
True
During the first half of 1863, most of the Texas soldiers in the western theater fought in the defense of
Vicksburg
News of the impending Mexican military occupation in October 1835, and the request for arrests led Texans to call for _______.
a convention at Washington-on-the-Brazos.
In the late 1770s, the province of Texas remained_______________ on New Spain's far northern frontier.
a poor backwater.
In 1769, the Marques de Rubi prepared a brutally direct report on his inspection tour, pointing out that in most cases presidios and mission activities in Texas were
a waste of money.
Spanish exploration, colonization, and missionary activity in the 17th century was largely located
along the upper Rio Grande in New Mexico and Texas.
The United States all but eliminated its military presence in South Texas during the first half of 1864 because its leaders decided to focus on an invasion of northern Louisiana and eastern Texas via the Red River.
an invasion of northern Louisiana and eastern Texas via the Red River.
The United States all but eliminated its military presence in South Texas during the first half of 1864 because its leaders decided to focus on an invasion of northern Louisiana and eastern Texas via the Red River.
an invasion of northern Louisiarna and eastern Texas via the Red River.
Hidalgo's revolt in central Mexico in 1810 increased the importance of Texas
because of its location as a corridor to the United States.
Formal religion in the shape of organized church congregations distances separating people of the same spiritual persuasion and a scarcity of missionaries. had a difficult time taking root in Texas because of the
because of the distances separating people of the same spiritual persuasion and a scarcity of missionaries.
Formal religion in the shape of organized church congregations had a difficult time taking root in Texas
because of the distances separating people of the same spiritual persuasion and a scarcity of missionaries.
Formal religion in the shape of organized church congregations had a difficult time taking root in Texas because of the distances separating people of the same spiritual persuasion and a scarcity of missionaries.
because of the distances separating people of the same spiritual persuasion and a scarcity of missionaries.
When mammoths began to disappear about 11,000 years ago, early hunters turned to _______ as a primary food source.
bison
Atakapans practiced ritualistic __________, which often served as the ultimate punishments for enemies.
cannibalism
The most likely reason for the extinction of "megafauna" in Texas is
climate change.
According to the author, the army open essential lives of transportation and communication in Texas, thereby facilitating___________.
commercial growth
The most profitable export for Texas farmers, like the South in general, was ________.
cotton
Most of the Texas soldiers recruited into the Confederate Army
did not see service east of the Mississippi River,
In mid January 1823, the Mexican government passed an Imperial Colonization Law that confirmed Austin's grant and under its terms
each family would receive a league of land (4,428 acres) if they were stock raisers of a labor (177 acres) if they planned to farm.
Those seeking a more comprehensive interpretation of the cause of the Texas Revolution
emphasize ethnic and cultural conflict between peoples of Mexican and Anglo-Celtic descent.
Slaves found second only to their as a source of strength in surviving the psychological assault of enslavement.
ereligion/families
Indians, perhaps 20,000 in all, __________ Anglo immigrants and Tejanos in Texas at the beginning of the 1820s.
far outnumbered
Texas dericed its name from the Caddo word, techas, which means_______.
friend
According to the author of Gone to Texas, reasons for the lack of diversified economic development in antebellum Texas are complex and debatable, but the first and foremost issue was
geography
According to the author of Gone to Texas, reasons for the lack of diversified economic development in antebellum Texas are complex and debatable, but the first and foremost issue was ________.
geography
According to the author, most Spanish Texans in the late 1700s were _______.
illiterate
For Mexico, the problem of populating Texas was immensely complicated
in that the people of Mexico did not share a consensus concerning the kinds of government they wanted.
The new Anglo elite and the old Mexican elite reached an accommodation often through that proved reasonably satisfactory to both as South Texas became a part of the United States.
intermarriage
During the second half of 1864 and the early months of 1865, while the Confederacy's last hopes died in the war east of the Mississippi, the Trans-Mississippi saw
little heavy fighting
The majority of slaves in Texas performed
manual labor on farms
The majority of slaves in Texas performed __________.
manual labor on farms
General Cos in 1832 believed that only __________ could bring Texas under control.
military occupation
The shift from relying entirely on hunting toward sedentary agriculture facilitated
more complex social rules and occupations; a population expansion; and artisanal craft production of baskets and ceramics.
Among citizens of New Spain, peninsulares were
natives of Spain who generally held the most powerful offices.
By early November 1835, the Texan rebellion hd defeated Mexican forces everywhere except in San Antonio; consequently, Texans were _________.
overconfident
Barely a skirmish, the fight at Gonzalez in 1832 marked a _________.
point of no return
According to the author of Gone to Texas, most of the planters and farmers who produced cotton with slave labor ________from their investments.
profited
According to the author of Gone to Texas, most of the planters and farmers who produced cotton with slave labor from their investments.
profited
According to the author of Gone to Texas, most of the planters. and farmers who produced cotton with slave labor from their investments.
profited
As early as 1836, Texans concluded were needed to handle transportation in the state.
railroads
In 1779-1782 Texans provided cattle for the armies during the American Revolution because available resources and frontier conditions had dictated that __________ would be first truly important step in the province's economic development.
ranching
Slaves found _________ second only to their _______ as a source of strength in surviving the psychological assault of enslavement.
religion; families
According to the author of Gone to Texas, the Consultation also made several serious mistakes including all of the following EXCEPT:
sending Stephen F. Austin to the U.S.
President Houston shaped an Indian policy which reflected his belief that the republic
should demonstrate friendship with all Indians by negotiating treaties that established trade and promised evenhanded justice.
According to the author of Gone to Texas, was second only to geography in making and keeping antebellum Texas an overwhelmingly agricultural economy.
slavery
According to the author, the daily lives of most men and women in late 18th century Texas revolved around the requirements of _________.
survival
Terrified of the Mexican army, made even more fearful by rumors of Comanche raiders and rebellious slaves, miserable from traveling in rain and mud, refugees fleeing eastward has become known as
the "Runaway Scrape."
The majority of Anglo-American settlers in Mexican Texas came from
the American south.
Governor Cabello and diplomatic representative Pedro Vial brokened peace in 1785 with
the Comanche.
In the 1740s and 1750s San Antonio, San Saba, and to its complete destruction, Santa Cruz, were frequently attacked by
the Comanche.
Evidence of commerce between the Caddo of east Texas and the Pueblos of New Mexico indicate that these Indians played a role as commercial traders between the two
the Jumano.
The imperials wars of Britain, France, and Spain ended in 1763 with the Treaty of Paris. In North America, this treaty established a boundary between Spanish and British colonies in North America at_________.
the Mississippi River.
Because the encomienda system could not work with the Chichimeca, the Spanish developed
the Presidio and mission system.
An 1819 Treaty between the United States and Spain resolved the boundary of Louisiana and Texas at _________.
the Sabine River
In July 1860, ,a wave of panic about an abolitionist-inspired slave rebellion swept the state as a series of fires in Dallas and other North Texas towns.
the Texas Troubles
The Republic of Texas cited these agreements to support their claim that the Rio Grande marked its boundary with Mexico.
the Treaties of Velasco and the Boundary Act of 1836
Efforts by Spain to ward off the democratizing influence of the American and French Revolutions as well as to dissuade American western encroachment provoked a conflict with the young USA, more or less resolved by
the Treaty of San Lorenzo.
All of the following were reasons immigrants ceme to Texas from the US EXCEPT
the desire to escape compolsory military service.
Beginning in the late 1540s, Spanish colonization focused on northern Mexico because
the discovery of silver ore at Zacatecas.
In antebellum Texas, the most rapidly increasing group of people were _________.
the enslaved
In antebellum Texas, the most rapidly increasing group of people were
the enslaved.
During the latter half of the 1500s, the Spanish gave virtually no attention to Texas because
the expeditions of the 1530s and 40s found no silver and gold.
The New Regulations of 1772 called for a major change in Indian policy provoked primarily by
the failure of the mission system and the move toward trading with Indians on the Louisiana border.
This contributed to high child mortality, frequent epidemics, and widespread persistent illness and disease in Texas in all the following ways, EXCEPT:
the lack of access to the newly discovered penicillin
Early coastal Texas left no significant archeological records because
there were no especially inviting sites for habitation such as rock shelters.
President Lamar's approach to native peoples in Texas was _________ to Houston's.
very different
President Lamar's approach to native peoples in Texas was to Houston's.
very different
When it came to Secession, Sam Houston
was against it.
The seeds of revolution in Texas, planted by the arrival of Anglo-Americans during the 1820s, germinated in 1835_________.
when president Santa Anna centralized the government of Mexico.
According to the author of Gone to Texas, regardless of how they behaved from day to day, most slaves lived daily
with a desire for freedom.
The Constitution of 1845 permitted all adult white males to vote and hold office ________.
without having to meet an taxpaying or property-holding qualifications.