AP Psych Chapter 4 test

According to the ________, a dream is merely another kind of thinking that occurs when people sleep. a. activation-synthesis hypothesis b. psychoanalytic model c. restorative theory d. adaptive theory e. hypnotic suggestibility model

activation-synthesis hypothesis

The _________ theory of sleep says that sleep is a product of evolution. a. restorative b. activation-synthesis c. activation-information-mode d. adaptive e. latent

adaptive

Antwon can't seem to focus in class today. Though he's not asleep, his mind appears to be drifting off, leading to thoughts of his girlfriend, his job, and upcoming events of the day. Antwon appears to be in which of the following states of consciousness? a. waking b. unconscious c. altered d. unfocused e. hypnotic

altered

Night terrors are experienced: a. during deep non-REM sleep. b. during REM sleep. c. during N1 (R&K Stage 1). d. most often during a microsleep. e. during somnambulism.

during deep non-REM sleep

Opium and its derivatives duplicate the action of: a. GABA. b. insulin. c. endorphins. d. acetylcholine. e. serotonin.

endorphins.

When under the influence of a stimulant, you are likely to be in a state of: a. waking consciousness. b. increased alertness. c. divided consciousness. d. hypnosis. e. REM sleep.

increased alterness

If you are dreaming that a monster is chasing you, the monster is the: a. latent content. b. gender schema. c. cultural content. d. manifest content. e. hallucination.

manifest content.

As ______ accumulates in the body, a person will begin to feel sleepy. a. melatonin b. dopamine c. endorphins d. insulin e. adrenaline

melatonin

Depressant drugs derived from the opium poppy are called: a. narcotics. b. hallucinogens. c. depressants. d. stimulants. e. benzodiazepines.

narcotics.

Eventually, everyone must sleep due to our: a. need for mental rest. b. delta waves. c. beta waves. d. biological rhythms. e. theta waves.

need for mental rest

Four-year-old Denise was sound asleep. Suddenly, without warning, she sat straight up and began to scream. Her mother tried to calm her down with no success. Finally, after about 45 seconds of what appeared to be a panic attack, Denise quietly lied back down. When morning came and Denise awoke, she could not remember anything that had happened during the night. It is likely that Denise experienced _______. a. somnambulism b. REM rebound c. a nightmare d. a night terror e. narcolepsy

night terror

Jonah is often a victim of bad dreams, frequently centered around being left at a store or getting lost at an amusement park. He sometimes wakes up from them, and calls for his parents to help him calm down. Jonah is experiencing: a. night terrors. b. nightmares. c. REM behavior disorder. d. somnambulism. e. "hidden observer" syndrome.

nightmares.

Evelyn smoked cigarettes when she was younger but had no problem quitting. Though ten years have passed since Evelyn has touched a cigarette, every now and then she gets a strong craving to smoke again. Evelyn's craving is most likely the result of ________. a. drug tolerance b. physical addiction c. withdrawal d. psychological addiction e. contingency management

psychological addiction

Dr. Elmer believes that sleep is needed to replenish the body's natural chemicals lost during daily activity. Dr. Elmer's belief of why we sleep relates most closely to the _______ theory of sleep. a. adaptive b. restorative c. evolutionary d. physiological e. psychodynamic

restorative

Alcoholism has been linked to: a. cancer. b. schizophrenia. c. anorexia. d. osteoporosis. e. arthritis.

schizophrenia

Carmen stayed up all night studying, getting only about 2 hours of sleep total. While she was able to finish her exam, she was unable to focus, and much of what she had studied the night before seemed to be forgotten. Carmen's inability to remember and to stay focused during her exam is most likely due to _______. a. lack of intelligence b. sleep deprivation c. hypnosis d. daydreaming e. cataplexy

sleep deprivation

Ecstasy is classified as a: a. major tranquilizer. b. narcotic. c. stimulatory hallucinogenic. d. benzodiazepine. e. barbiturate.

stimulatory hallucinogenic.

In the early stages of sleep, _______ waves appear. a. gamma b. beta c. theta d. delta e. sine

theta

About ___ percent of people are good hypnotic subjects. a. 40 b. 50 c. 70 d. 80 e. 20

40

According to research, which of the following individuals might need the least amount of sleep? a. 19-year old Sarah, who's cramming for an exam b. 3-month old Timmy, who lays around all day c. 67 year-old Roger, who retired two years ago d. 35 year-old Dorothy, who has no children and works at night e. 12-year-old Carmen, who attends middle school and plays soccer

67 year-old Roger, who retired two years ago

________ are used to treat narcolepsy. a. Barbiturates b. Benzodiazepines c. Narcotics d. Amphetamines e. Hallucinogens

Amphetamines

________ dependence is the most common in the United States after alcohol and nicotine. a. Cannabis b. Barbiturate c. Methamphetamine d. Cocaine e. Heroin

Cannabis

Which of the following situations best demonstrates waking consciousness? a. Derrick brings his car to a sudden halt as he notices that the light has already turned red. b. Doretta wobbles just a bit as she tries to walk after drinking three glasses of wine. c. Orlando carefully calculates his taxes two weeks before taxes are due. d. Kim fights to keep her eyes open as she reads a bedtime story to her children. e. Tyler has trouble falling asleep after being in bed for over two hours.

Derrick brings his car to a sudden halt as he notices that the light has already turned red.

The real inquiry into the process of dreaming was begun by: a. Freud. b. Maslow. c. Pavlov. d. Darwin. e. Erikson.

Freud.

Alcohol stimulates the release of _____, the brain's major depressant. a. GABA b. endorphins c. thyroxin d. serotonin e. insulin

GABA

________ cause the brain to alter its interpretation of sensations. a. Narcotics b. Hallucinogens c. Barbiturates d. Amphetamines e. Caffeine

Hallucinogens

Which of the following is TRUE about the circadian rhythm? a. It consists of the changes in a person's heartbeat throughout the stages of sleep. b. It is a cycle controlled by the hippocampus. c. It is a cycle that takes about a day to complete. d. It is when most dreams occur. e. It can be reset by microsleeps.

It is a cycle that takes about a day to complete.

Which of the following is TRUE about REM sleep? a. It is a much deeper, more restful kind of sleep than non-REM sleep. b. It is the stage of sleep in which the heart beats the slowest. c. It involves a lot of movement and thrashing as people have vivid dreams. d. It is when 90 percent of dreams occur. e. It is the primary stage for storing memories of learned information.

It is when 90 percent of dreams occur.

The body is at its lowest level of functioning during: a. REM sleep. b. N1 (R&K Stage 1). c. N2 (R&K Stage 2). d. N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4). e. REM rebound.

N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4).

______ is a synthesized drug so dangerous it is useful only in veterinary medicine as a tranquilizer. a. LSD b. Morphine c. Mescaline d. PCP e. MDMA

PCP

Janice is dreaming about walking her dog. However, in her dream, her dog is flying, the sidewalk is moving, and she has no awareness that this activity is odd. Janice is probably in ______ sleep. a. REM b. Stage 2 of Non-REM c. Stage 1 of Non-REM d. Stage 4 of Non-REM e. Stage 3 of Non-REM

REM

______ is a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares. a. REM paralysis b. REM behavior disorder c. REM rebound d. REM deficit disorder e. REM cataplexy

REM behavior disorder

Which statement about sleep apnea is TRUE? a. It causes a person to slip suddenly into REM sleep during the day. b. There is no effective treatment for it. c. The person experiencing sleep apnea may stop breathing for half a minute or more. d. It causes SIDS. e. It is usually paired with somnambulism.

The person experiencing sleep apnea may stop breathing for half a minute or more.

After taking medication for his back, Todd's thoughts become fuzzy and disorganized. Todd is in a state of: a. waking consciousness. b. divided consciousness. c. altered consciousness. d. drug-induced consciousness. e. circadian rhythm.

altered consciousness

Both marijuana and hashish contain: a. psilocybin. b. mescaline. c. opium. d. cannabinoids. e. hallucinogens.

cannabinoids

At one point, ________ was used by doctors and dentists, sometimes as a numbing agent before extracting a tooth. It was not until much later that this drug's problematic characteristics were recognized. a. cocaine b. opium c. methamphetamine d. morphine e. MDMA

cocaine

John has tried every type of depressant drug he could find. Which of the following is a drug he hasn't tried yet? a. alcohol b. valium c. morphine d. cocaine e. rohypnol

cocaine

In a(n) __________ view, consciousness is generated by a set of action potentials in the communication among neurons just sufficient to produce awareness. a. cognitive neuroscience b. evolutionary c. operant conditioning d. psychoanalytic e. behaviorist

cognitive neuroscience

For which of the following would hypnosis probably be most effective? a. changing eating habits b. helping people stop smoking c. curing alcoholism d. controlling pain e. retrieving lost memories

controlling pain

Barbiturates used in combination with alcohol may cause a lethal: a. dependence. b. crash. c. drug interaction. d. tolerance. e. hallucination.

crash

Archie believes that people who think they are hypnotized aren't actually hypnotized at all. In fact, they're simply acting out everything that they're being told to do by the hypnotist in order to do what the hypnotist wants. Archie's way of thinking is similar to which of the following theories? a. Freudian theory of hypnosis b. social-cognitive theory of hypnosis c. dissociative theory of hypnosis d. theory of hypnotic confusion e. psychoactive theory of hypnosis

dissociative theory of hypnosis

Insomnia can be helped by: a. using sleeping pills. b. dealing with anxieties directly before going to bed. c. watching TV in bed. d. going to bed only when sleepy. e. drinking coffee or tea in the evening.

going to bed only when sleepy.

Astor wanted to try marijuana to experience the effects of which of the following class of drugs? a. depressant b. opiate c. stimulant d. hallucinogen e. antidepressant

hallucinogen

According to researchers, men tend to: a. dream about issues related to family and home. b. have more physical aggression in their dreams than women. c. dream about males and females equally. d. report fewer sexual dreams than women. e. dream about concerns over their physical appearance.

have more physical aggression in their dreams than women.

Many researchers believe that reports of ghostly visions and alien abductions can be explained by __________ during the first stage of sleep. a. hypnogogic images b. heightened consciousness c. REM rebound d. divided consciousness e. sleep spindles

hypnogagic images

As the sun goes down, Ebony begins to feel sleepy. It is likely that Ebony's sleepiness is the result of an increase in her level of ________. a. serotonin b. adrenaline c. melatonin d. dopamine e. insulin

melatonin

Jaleel was driving home at 7 o'clock in the morning after working a hard eight-hour shift. Along the drive, he would occasionally find himself drifting off into the oncoming lane, becoming alert just in time to avoid a head-on collision. It appears that Jaleel may have been experiencing _______. a. hypnotic states b. lapses in judgment c. hypnogogic episodes d. microsleeps e. REM rebounds

microsleeps

Some instances of automobile accidents may have been caused by the driver falling asleep at the wheel, even though (s)he was certain that they had not slept. Which of the following may explain why this happens? a. microsaccades b. hemispheric lateralization c. microsleeps d. enzymatic degradation e. cataplexy

microsleeps

While in the middle of a conversation with his co-worker, Jackson unexpectedly slipped into a state of sleep, falling to the floor as he lost control of all the muscles in his body. Jackson appears to have a condition called _______. a. narcolepsy b. sleep apnea c. somnambulism d. enuresis e. REM rebound

narcolepsy

David often experiences "sleep seizures" during the day. He probably suffers from: a. sleep apnea. b. narcolepsy. c. daytime sleep terrors. d. REM rebound. e. microsleeps

narcolepsy.

Last night, Kayla thought she was awakened by a noise she heard outside of her bedroom door. As she tried to get up to see what was going on, she couldn't move. She tried to scream out and couldn't make a sound. After several minutes, she was finally able to sit up and wondered what had just happened. The best explanation for Kayla's experience, according to sleep researchers, is that she experienced ______. a. a drug-induced hallucination b. side effects from increased amounts of REM sleep c. a nightmare during deep sleep d. sleep paralysis during REM sleep e. cataplexy during a night terror

sleep paralysis during REM sleep

The ___________ of hypnosis suggests that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state, but are playing the role expected of them in that situation. a. adaptive theory b. social-cognitive theory c. activation-synthesis hypothesis d. activation-information-mode model e. "hidden observer" theory

social-cognitive theory

51. Darren uses cocaine for recreational use. Darren's drug of choice is a ________. a. barbiturate b. hallucinogen c. stimulant d. depressant e. benzodiazepine

stimulant