Ap psych midterm prep

Receptors for olfaction are located

in the nasal cavity

One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely

inborn distaste

The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to

increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon - it goes along the AXON

What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?

testosterone men have too much testosterone

Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as

the absolute refractory history

A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?

77

Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?

A loss of motor coordination

Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?

Afterimages

In their discussions of the process of development, the advocates of nature in the nature-nurture controversy emphasize which of the following?

Maturation

Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?

The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.

Ernst Weber's and Gustav Fechner's psychophysical laws concern the relation between which of the following?

The intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation

The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's

absolute threshold

The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called

accomodation

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as

an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter

Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an

antagonist

The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the

blind spot

The tendency of most people to identify a three-sided figure as a triangle, even when one of its sides is incomplete, is the result of a perceptual process known as

closure

An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty

comprehending a spoken request for information

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of

concious experience

Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive

depth

One major objection to the early Skinnerian approach to psychology is that it

did not take into account internal thoughts and feelings

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

digesting food - automatic things

Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?

dopemine too much: schizophrenia too little: Parkinson's

For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the

left cerebral hemisphere

A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the

location of the source

Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research

may reveal a casual relation

Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all

neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse

Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located?

occipital cortex

In visual perception, size constancy occurs as an object comes closer to the viewer because the

perceived distance of the object becomes smaller

The first area of psychology to be studied as a science is known as

psychophysics - Physics is a SCIENCE

The function of dendrites is to

receive information from other neurons - does it receive the dendRIGHT message?

In vision, transduction occurs within the

retina

The right occipital lobe receives visual information from the

right half of both retinas

An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the

right visual Cortex

Research shows that women who are referred by a physician to participate in a study of eating disorders have more severe problems than women who volunteer on their own to participate in the study. If research on eating disorders regularly involves only women referred by physicians, the results of the studies might be limited because of the presence of

sampling bias

The correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a

scatterplot

An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called

selective attention

Balance is influenced by the

semicircular canals

The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT

smell

Climbing an irregular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears a patch over one eye primarily because

some depth perception is lost

Negative afterimages are explained by

the opponent-process theory

Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with

the parathyroid gland

The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as

the refractory period

People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates

top-down processing

Which scenario best exemplifies Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection?

A mutation in a species of lizards that allows them to better blend into their surroundings leads to greater survival and more offspring possessing this mutation in a later generation - The mutation gives a subset of a species an advantage that allows them to live longer and reproduce to pass their genes to the next generation.

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

Amygdala

Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?

As income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases.

A double-blind control is essential for which of the following?

Assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms

Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?

Autonomic . . sympathetic and parasympathetic

John B. Watson is best known as the founder of

Behaviorism

Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?

Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body

Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors

Describing one's immediate sensations while looking at a rose - introspectuon means that someone will describe the things they observe

A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?

Difficulty with speech production

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

EEG

Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?

Endocrine - i go to DOCtor for tonsil glands

In a research study, informed consent is a concern of

Ethics

Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?

Experimental

An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of

Free will

Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?

Gate-control theory

The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?

Gestalt principles of closure and continuity

Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?

Hammer, anvil, and stirrup

A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the dependent variable in this study?

Incidence of aggressive behavior

In a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean?

It contains the middle 68% of the distribution.

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a context effect?

Jeannette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies.

Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?

Linear perspective

In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development?

Longitudal

Metabolic activity in different areas of the brain can best be visualized by means of

PET

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

PET scan PETS like SUGAR(glucose)

In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children's

Problem-solving techniqiues

The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?

Psychoanalytic - Freud= unconcious mind

Which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variables in experiments?

Random assignment

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?

Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors

All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:

Research may not involve deception.

A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing in depth?

Retinal disparity

Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception?

Retinal disparity

If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?

Right parietal lobe

Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?

Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve

When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste?

Sensory interaction

For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain?

Simple spatial reasoning

Luis constructed a flip-book with 30 different still images of a cartoon cat. When Luis quickly flipped through successive images of the cat, the cat appeared to move. Which of the following concepts does the example illustrate?

Stroboscopic movement, because the book is a series of images presented at separate time intervals.

An evolutionary psychologist would explainthat humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for

Survival - evolution: need to survive

Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?

The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane create an action potential. Key: Threshold= action porential

Operational definitions are used for which of the following reasons?

They enable researchers to replicate studies by precisely describing the variables and how they are used.

A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who

appear fertile

When struck by light energy, cones and rods in the retina generate neural signals that then activate the

bopolar cells

An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the

effectiveness of management training

Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to

hear sounds

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

hippocampus - memory

Professor Janeja is studying which brain regions are involved in learning to correctly navigate a maze task. She randomly assigns half of a group of mice to get a lesion in one area of the brain. The other half does not get a lesion. Based on the following graph, where in the brain is the most likely site of the lesion?

hippocapmus - The hippocampus is associated with spatial learning and navigation, so lesioning it would cause difficulties with navigation.

Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by which of the following?

hypothalamus

The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the

hypothalamus - The hypothalamus interacts with the nervous system and regulates the release of hormones across the entire body.

A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly

inferred causation from correlation

Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the

inner ear

David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel's research on responses of the brain to visual stimuli showed that

many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the

medulla