Ap psych midterm prep
Receptors for olfaction are located
in the nasal cavity
One-year-old Marcus turns away in disgust if a bitter substance is placed on his tongue. The reason for such a reaction is most likely
inborn distaste
The primary effect of the myelin sheath is to
increase the velocity of conduction of the action potential along the axon - it goes along the AXON
What hormone seems to be most closely linked with aggressive behavior?
testosterone men have too much testosterone
Immediately after firing, a neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation. This condition is referred to as
the absolute refractory history
A test has a mean of 80 with a standard deviation of 4. Which of the following scores is within one standard deviation of the mean?
77
Damage to the cerebellum would most likely result in which of the following problems?
A loss of motor coordination
Which of the following supports the opponent-process theory of color vision?
Afterimages
In their discussions of the process of development, the advocates of nature in the nature-nurture controversy emphasize which of the following?
Maturation
Which of the following is true of a neuron in the resting state?
The inside of the cell membrane is negative compared to the outside.
Ernst Weber's and Gustav Fechner's psychophysical laws concern the relation between which of the following?
The intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation
The intensity at which a sound becomes audible for a given individual is known as the individual's
absolute threshold
The change in the curvature of the lens that enables the eye to focus on objects at various distances is called
accomodation
A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as
an agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter
Curare blocks action at acetylcholine synapses and causes paralysis. This drug is an example of an
antagonist
The place in the retina where the optic nerve exits to the brain is called the
blind spot
The tendency of most people to identify a three-sided figure as a triangle, even when one of its sides is incomplete, is the result of a perceptual process known as
closure
An individual with damage to Wernicke's area is most likely to have difficulty
comprehending a spoken request for information
According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of scientific psychology should be the study of
concious experience
Eleanor Gibson and her colleagues have used the visual cliff to measure an infant's ability to perceive
depth
One major objection to the early Skinnerian approach to psychology is that it
did not take into account internal thoughts and feelings
The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in
digesting food - automatic things
Which of the following neurotransmitters has been linked to Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia?
dopemine too much: schizophrenia too little: Parkinson's
For most people, speech functions are primarily localized in the
left cerebral hemisphere
A sound is often detected by one ear more intensely and a fraction of a second earlier than it is detected by the other ear. These cues help individuals determine the
location of the source
Experimental research differs from correlational research in that experimental research
may reveal a casual relation
Dopamine, norepinephrine, and acetylcholine are all
neurotransmitters that excite or inhibit a neural signal across a synapse
Feature detectors are neurons that are turned on or off by specific features of visual stimuli like edges and movement. Where in the visual system are these feature detectors located?
occipital cortex
In visual perception, size constancy occurs as an object comes closer to the viewer because the
perceived distance of the object becomes smaller
The first area of psychology to be studied as a science is known as
psychophysics - Physics is a SCIENCE
The function of dendrites is to
receive information from other neurons - does it receive the dendRIGHT message?
In vision, transduction occurs within the
retina
The right occipital lobe receives visual information from the
right half of both retinas
An image projected to the left visual field of a split-brained person will be processed in the
right visual Cortex
Research shows that women who are referred by a physician to participate in a study of eating disorders have more severe problems than women who volunteer on their own to participate in the study. If research on eating disorders regularly involves only women referred by physicians, the results of the studies might be limited because of the presence of
sampling bias
The correlation between two measures obtained on a group of individuals is graphically represented as a
scatterplot
An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called
selective attention
Balance is influenced by the
semicircular canals
The thalamus processes information for all of the following senses EXCEPT
smell
Climbing an irregular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears a patch over one eye primarily because
some depth perception is lost
Negative afterimages are explained by
the opponent-process theory
Abnormalities in calcium regulation are most likely to arise from problems with
the parathyroid gland
The time shortly after a neuron fires is referred to as
the refractory period
People listening to rock music played backward often perceive an evil message if specifically told what to listen for. That phenomenon best illustrates
top-down processing
Which scenario best exemplifies Charles Darwin's theory of natural selection?
A mutation in a species of lizards that allows them to better blend into their surroundings leads to greater survival and more offspring possessing this mutation in a later generation - The mutation gives a subset of a species an advantage that allows them to live longer and reproduce to pass their genes to the next generation.
The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
Acetylcholine
Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?
Amygdala
Researchers have found a negative correlation between income and dental problems. What conclusion can correctly be drawn from this statement?
As income increases, the likelihood of dental problems decreases.
A double-blind control is essential for which of the following?
Assessment of a treatment designed to reduce schizophrenic symptoms
Which of the following correctly pairs subdivisions within the major divisions of the human nervous system?
Autonomic . . sympathetic and parasympathetic
John B. Watson is best known as the founder of
Behaviorism
Which of the following scenarios most clearly describes the effects of a strong kinesthetic sense?
Being able to tell exact bodily position without looking at the body
Introspection as practiced by early structuralists is best illustrated by which of the following behaviors
Describing one's immediate sensations while looking at a rose - introspectuon means that someone will describe the things they observe
A person with damage to Broca's area would most likely demonstrate which of the following symptoms?
Difficulty with speech production
A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called
EEG
Most glands in the human body are a part of which system?
Endocrine - i go to DOCtor for tonsil glands
In a research study, informed consent is a concern of
Ethics
Which of the following research approaches would be best for testing the hypothesis that the presence of certain odors causes people to gamble more?
Experimental
An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of
Free will
Martin fell off his skateboard and badly bruised his elbow. He immediately began rubbing the area around the bruise until the pain subsided. This method of reducing pain can be explained by which of the following?
Gate-control theory
The ability to see a cube in the diagram above is best explained by which of the following?
Gestalt principles of closure and continuity
Damage to which of the following best explains conduction deafness?
Hammer, anvil, and stirrup
A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. One group watched a violent television program while the other group watched a nonviolent program. The children were then observed during a period of free play, and the incidence of aggressive behavior was recorded for each group. What is the dependent variable in this study?
Incidence of aggressive behavior
In a normal distribution, which of the following statements is true about the area that falls between one standard deviation above and one standard deviation below the mean?
It contains the middle 68% of the distribution.
Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a context effect?
Jeannette does better on her exam when she takes it in the same room where she studies.
Ana injured her eye in an accident and has to wear a patch over the eye while it heals. Which of the following cues would she best be able to use to make judgments about the distance objects are from her?
Linear perspective
In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development?
Longitudal
Metabolic activity in different areas of the brain can best be visualized by means of
PET
Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?
PET scan PETS like SUGAR(glucose)
In studying the behavior of five year olds in freeplay situations, a cognitive psychologist would be most interested in the children's
Problem-solving techniqiues
The belief that human behavior is the result of unconscious drives and conflicts represents which of the following theoretical perspectives?
Psychoanalytic - Freud= unconcious mind
Which of the following is used to reduce the effects of confounding variables in experiments?
Random assignment
Which of the following is the correct sequence of the neural chain of events set in motion by an environmental stimulus?
Receptors, afferent neurons, interneurons, efferent neurons, effectors
All of the following are American Psychological Association ethical guidelines for researchers EXCEPT:
Research may not involve deception.
A person with sight in only one eye lacks which of the following visual cues for seeing in depth?
Retinal disparity
Which of the following is a binocular cue for depth perception?
Retinal disparity
If an individual has lost the ability to feel pain in the left arm, there is most likely damage to what area of the brain?
Right parietal lobe
Which of the following is the correct path a neural impulse will follow through the different layers of the retina?
Rods and cones, bipolar cells, ganglion cells, optic nerve
When Rosa has a cold, she cannot taste the flavor of her pizza. Which of the following psychological terms describes Rosa's inability to taste?
Sensory interaction
For most people, which of the following is an activity based in the right hemisphere of the brain?
Simple spatial reasoning
Luis constructed a flip-book with 30 different still images of a cartoon cat. When Luis quickly flipped through successive images of the cat, the cat appeared to move. Which of the following concepts does the example illustrate?
Stroboscopic movement, because the book is a series of images presented at separate time intervals.
An evolutionary psychologist would explainthat humans desire social interaction, social acceptance, and social affiliation due to a need for
Survival - evolution: need to survive
Which of the following occurs when a neuron is stimulated to its threshold?
The movements of sodium and potassium ions across the membrane create an action potential. Key: Threshold= action porential
Operational definitions are used for which of the following reasons?
They enable researchers to replicate studies by precisely describing the variables and how they are used.
A basic assumption underlying the evolutionary approach to sexual attraction is that men seek potential mates who
appear fertile
When struck by light energy, cones and rods in the retina generate neural signals that then activate the
bopolar cells
An industrial-organizational psychologist would be most likely to study the
effectiveness of management training
Stimulation of portions of the left temporal lobe of the brain during surgery will cause the patient to
hear sounds
The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the
hippocampus - memory
Professor Janeja is studying which brain regions are involved in learning to correctly navigate a maze task. She randomly assigns half of a group of mice to get a lesion in one area of the brain. The other half does not get a lesion. Based on the following graph, where in the brain is the most likely site of the lesion?
hippocapmus - The hippocampus is associated with spatial learning and navigation, so lesioning it would cause difficulties with navigation.
Hunger and eating are primarily regulated by which of the following?
hypothalamus
The part of the endocrine system that is responsible for overseeing and regulating the release of hormones across the entire body is the
hypothalamus - The hypothalamus interacts with the nervous system and regulates the release of hormones across the entire body.
A survey shows that children who have encyclopedias in their homes earn better grades in school than children whose homes lack encyclopedias. The researcher concludes that having encyclopedias at home improves grades. This conclusion is erroneous primarily because the researcher has incorrectly
inferred causation from correlation
Receptors that are especially important for helping a person maintain balance are located in the
inner ear
David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel's research on responses of the brain to visual stimuli showed that
many cortical cells respond most strongly to specific visual information
The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing is the
medulla
