ap psych pre test

having observed participants in his simulated prison study, Philip Zimbardo offered an explanation for the destructive behavior of U.S. military guards at Iraq's Abu Ghraib Prison. Zimbardo's explanation best exemplified

a situational attribution

Despite government warnings of a severe shortage of heating fuels, most citizens continue to turn up their home thermostats in the belief that their personal fuel consumption will have little effect on the country's total fuel reserves. This reaction best illustrates the dynamics of

a social trap

A soldier who intentionally kills a dangerous enemy combatant most clearly illustrates

aggression

Following the 9/11 terrorist atack on New York, people across the country donated their time and money to assist the devastated community. This behavior best illustrates

altruism

The three components of prejudice are

beliefs, emotions, and predispositions to action

Joel's violent behavior is influenced by his unrealistic social scripts, his repeated experience of ostracism, and his persistent abuse of alcohol. An integrated understanding of Joel's behavior within the framework of multiple levels of analysis most clearly provided by

biopsychosocial approach

When no weapons of mass destruction were found following the U.S. invasion of Iraq, some Americans revised their memories of the main rationale for going to war. The text author suggests that we can best explain why people changed their memories in terms of

cognitive dissonance theory

GRIT attempts to reduce conflict through

conciliation

Masked bandits might be more likely than unmasked bandits to physically injure their victims due to

deindividualization

When a midl-mannered woman had a electrode implanted in her amygdala, she

developed more aggressive tendencies

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines

even when the group judgement was clearly incorrect

The NASA executive who made the final decision to launch the space shuttle "Challenger" was shielded from information and dissenting views that might have led to a delay of the tragic launch. This best illustrates the dangers of

groupthink

Only when experimental participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. This best illustrates that victim-blaming is fueled by

hindsight bias

Women are attracted to healthy-looking men, but especially to those who seem to be

less attractive than themselves

one explanation for the fundamental attribution error involves observers'

limited visual persepective

College students judged an averaged, composite face as

more attractive than most individual faces because the averaged face was more symmetrical

In an experiment by Donald Dutton and Arthur Aron, one group of men were asked by an attractive woman to complete a short questionnaire immediately after they had crossed a swaying footbridge suspended 230 feet above the Capilano River. This experiment was designed to study the factors that contribute to

passionate love

Following 9/11, some outraged people lashed out at innocent Arab-Americans. This venting of hostility can be best explained in terms of

scapegoat theory

Social facilitation is most likely to occur in the performance of ____ tasks

simple

Katya donated money to a religious charity in order to boost her own feelings of self-esteems. Jennifer failed to contribute to the same charity because she was fearful of running out of money. Difference in their altruistic behavior are best explained in terms of

social exchange theory

Ingroup bias best illustrates the impact of our ____ on prejudice

social identities

The tendency for people to exert less effort when they are pooling their efforts toward a common goal is known as

social loafing

Most people are likely to be surprised by the results of Milgram's shock initial obedience experiment because

the "teachers" were more obedient than most people would have predicted

When 68-year-old Mrs. Blake had a flat tire on a fairly isolated highway, she received help from a passerby in less than 10 minutes. One year later, she has a flat tire on a busy freeway and an hour elapsed before someone finally stopped to offer assistance. Mrs. Blake's experience best illustrates

the bystander effect

Which of the following is most likely to help us empathize with others

the chameleon effect

The gradually escalating levels of destructive obedience in the Milgram experiments best illustrate one of the potential dangers of

the foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Two friends quarreled over possession of a single orange without realizing that one of them simple wanted orange juice and the other simply wanted the orange peel to make a cake. This classic episode best illustrates that people sometimes fail to recognize

win-win solutions