AP PSYCH UNIT 11- INTELLIGENCE/TESTING/INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES:
41.The process of remembering several pieces of information by mentally associating an image of each with a different location is a mnemonic device known as a.The key-word method b.The method of loci c.The peg word system d.The link method e.Chunking
B
46.Which of the following types of intelligence would be most important in answering trivia questions? (a) Fluid (b) Crystallized (c) Bodily kinesthetic (d) Creative (e) Practical
B
47.Creativity is most closely associated with (A) using algorithms. (B) divergent thinking. (C) functional fixedness. (D) excellent recall ability. (E) telegraphic speech.
B
8. Which of the following types of validity is established by demonstrating that there is a correlation between scores on a test and later academic performance? (A) Content (B) Predictive (C) Face (D) Concurrent (E) Test-retest
B
9. Which of the following results of correlational studies implies that environment contributes to the determination of IQ? (A) Correlations are higher for identical twins than for fraternal twins. (B) Correlations are higher for children and their biological parents than for children and their adoptive parents. (C) Correlations are higher for parents and their children than for husbands and wives. (D) Correlations for two children in the same family are lower when one of the children is adopted than when both are the biological offspring of the parents. (E) Correlations for children and their adoptive parents are statistically significant and positive
B
16. On individual intelligence tests such as the Stanford-Binet and Wechsler scales, an IQ of 100 indicates that the test taker (A) correctly answered all of the items on the test (B) obtained the highest scores in the standardization sample (C) scored at the average level for test takers of the same age (D) scored above the level of the average American adult (E) took as long as the average test taker to answer the test items
C
2.Which of the following is an example of social facilitation? (A) A student scores higher on tests taken with classmates than with strangers. (B) A child smiles more often in the presence of family members than in the presence of strangers. (C) An elementary school student reads more books when promised free pizza for reading a greater number. (D) An athlete performs better in games before a large crowd than she does in practice. (E) An editor's productivity increases when she is given a private office.
D
21. A researcher shows a picture to a volunteer; the picture features a woman in the foreground and an older man, looking over her shoulder, in the background. The volunteer is asked to "tell a story" about the picture. The researcher assumes that the volunteer will project his own unconscious feelings into the story he tells. This is an example of which of the following tests? A. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C. Rorschach Inkblot Test D. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) E. Stanford-Binet Test
D
22. General intelligence test scores obtained during adolescence best predict which of the following? (A) The probability that a qualified jobholder will perform that job satisfactorily (B) The efficiency of interpersonal skills (C) Quality of personal adjustment (D) Grades in school (E) The job or profession at which a person would be happy
D
30. Most tests of personality are in the form of (A) inkblot tests (B) word association tests (C) structured interviews (D) self-report inventories (E) situational analyses
D
31. A fifty-two-year-old woman notices a decrease in her ability to solve unfamiliar problems quickly and to form new concepts, although she still feels confident in recalling and using familiar information. This is most likely due to a decline in A. Mental age B. Concrete operational thought C. Crystallized intelligence D. Fluid intelligence E. Pre-operational thought
D
33. All of the following are reasons for requiring clearly specified procedures for the administration and scoring procedures of assessment measures, such as standardized tests, EXCEPT to A. Allow comparisons among scores of various test takers B. Reduce the possible effect of extraneous variables on scores C. Increase the reliability and validity of the test scores D. Decrease the amount of time needed to administer the test E. Increase the objectivity of the scoring procedures used
D
34.The intelligence quotient (IQ) has traditionally been based on the relationship between an individual's mental age and his or her A.stage of cognitive development B.level of physiological development C.reading level D.chronological age E.quantitative aptitude
D
37.A test that fails to predict what it is designed to predict lacks A) standardization B) norms C) fairness D) validity E) reliability
D
20.The graph above depicts the extent to which individuals in groups of various sizes exerted themselves while they performed a certain task. What does the information illustrate? A. Social loafing B. Social facilitation C. Group polarization D. Groupthink E. Minority influence
A
24. A disadvantage of using Alfred Binet's concept of mental age in assessing intelligence is that (A) it is inappropriate for adults (B) it is based on a negatively skewed distribution (C) its norms are no longer appropriate (D) it has a gender bias (E) it produces unreliable test results among rural children
A
25. Which of the following refers to the potential of an individual to perform an as-yet-unlearned task? (A) Aptitude (B) Interest (C) Cultural fairness (D) Achievement (E) Projection
A
27. Alfred Binet's most important contribution to psychology was in the area of A. Intelligence testing B. Visual perception C. Psychopathology D. Comparative psychology E. Classical conditioning
A
39. Psychologist David Wechsler has created tests for adults and children that are designed to reveal their A. Intelligence B. Aptitude C. Achievement D. Personality characteristics E. Symptoms of psychological disorders
A
4. On the first day of class, Mr Boyarksy gave his students a test. When some complained, he responded that he wanted to know what their talents were, so he was giving them a test to predict what kind of skills they might learn best, and what kind of jobs they might like to do one day. Mr. Boyarsky's test was A. An aptitude test B. An intelligence test C. An achievement test D. A personality test E. A projective test
A
42. To score high on a test of creativity, a person's answers should be (A) original and valuable (B) normative and divergent (C) normative and convergent (D) unconscious and illogical (E) simple and contextual
A
45.According to Howard Gardner, which of the following is a type of intelligence? (A) naturalist (B) practical (C) experiential (D) fluid (E) general
A
5. Teachers at York High School were dismayed at a new test they would be required to take to demonstrate their ability as educators. Rather than a test of content knowledge or of teaching techniques, the new test would measure their reaction time to a species of rapidly flashed abstract images and words. Despite the assurances of the test's creator, the teachers argued that a test like this would have low A. Content validity B. Diagnostic validity C. Split-half reliability D. Test-retest reliability E. Psychometric ratings.
A
7.Research on stereotype threat indicates that students might not do as well as they can on a test if a.They are informed that people of their ethnicity, age, or gender usually do not perform well on the tests b.The group taking the test is not ethnically diverse c.They are forced to take a test that is known to have low test-retest reliability d.Other students perceive them to be of a minority ethnic group e.The test does not have standardized administration or scoring procedures
A
1. Which perspective was used by Raymond Cattell as a basis for his personality measure known as the 16PF test? A) Humanistic B) Trait C) Psychoanalytic D) Behavioral E) Cognitive
B
15. The hypothesis that intelligence is in part inherited is best supported by the fact that the IQ correlation for A. Pairs of twins reared together is greater than the correlation for pairs of twins reared apart B. Pairs of identical twins is greater than for pairs of fraternal twins C. Pairs of fraternal twins is greater than the correlation for other pairs of siblings D. Adopted children and their adoptive parents is greater than zero E. Adopted children and their adoptive parents is greater than the correlation for the same children and their biological parents
B
29. A female student was rejected by a college because her score on a test used by the college to predict performance there was below the college's cutoff score. An influential alumnus of the college intervened on the student's behalf and the student was admitted. Four years later the student graduated with honors. The most likely explanation of this outcome is that the test: (A) contained some degree of bias against women (B) had less than perfect validity (C) was partly an achievement test (D) was not standardized (E) had less than perfect reliability
B
3. An experimenter finds a difference between an experimental group and a control group that is less likely due to chance and more likely due to the manipulation of the independent variable. This finding then is most likely to be A. a replication B. statistically significant C. below the margin of error. D. reliable, but not valid. E. valid, but not reliable.
B
35. Which of the following assessment tools explored individuals' personalities by asking them to examine a series of inkblots and describe what they see in the inkblot? (A) Thematic Apperception Test (B) Rorschach Test (C) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (D) Halstead-Reitan Battery (E) Bender-Gestalt II
B
36.The correlations between the IQ scores of identical twins reared apart are lower than those of identical twins reared together. This difference is best explained by which of the following? A) Heredity plays an important role in determining IQ. B) Environment plays an important role in determining IQ. C) Heredity plays no role in determining IQ. D) Environment plays no role in determining IQ. E) Heredity and environment play an equal role in determining IQ.
B
40.When a teacher compares the performance of her students on the even- and odd-numbered questions in a multiple-choice test, she is determining A. Equivalent-form reliability B. Split-half reliability C. Face validity D. Concurrent validity E. Construct validity
B
10. Alfred Binet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at (A) testing the worth of various theoretical definitions (B) operationally defining one theory of intelligence (C) predicting children's success in school (D) selecting workers for successful job performance (E) establishing the learning potential of French military recruits
C
12.Although a group of senior citizens beat the teenagers in a trivia contest based on history, they were not nearly as successful in a competition that required them to quickly learn the rules of a new video game. This is most likely due to the decline of which of the following as humans age? a. Learned helplessness b. Cognitive dissonance c. Fluid intelligence d. Crystallized intelligence e. Elaborative rehearsal
C
11. Figures such as the one above are used in which of the following kinds of test A. Verbal intelligence B. Nonverbal intelligence C. Self report personality D. Projective personality E. Cognitive personality
D
17.Which of the following methods is used in studies designed to determine the primary components of intelligence? A. Test-retest B. Alternate forms C. Random sampling D. Factor analysis E. standardization
D
18.A normally functioning 65-year-old who cannot solve abstract logic puzzles as quickly as he did when he was younger is experiencing a A. Phenomenon that is uncommon for people of his age B. Phenomenon predicted by Erik Erikson as part of the eight stages of psychosocial development C. Decrease in his crystallized intelligence D. Decrease in his fluid intelligence E. Difficulty with concrete operational thinking
D
19.Which of the following is the most appropriate criterion for evaluating the predictive validity of an intelligence test? A. Intelligence quotient B. Mental age C. Chronological age D. Scholastic aptitude E. School grades
D
32. Which of the following is generally true of participants in Lewis Terman's longitudinal study of intellectually gifted children? A. Their IQ dropped with age. B. Their IQ increased with age. C. They exhibited a higher-than-average incidence of mental illness. D. They led happy and fulfilling lives. E. They came from larger-than-average families.
D
38. Jamal receives a Full Scale IQ score of 125 on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. This score indicates that he A. Scored correctly on 125 items on the test B. Scored exactly at the mode of the test C. Scored exactly at the median of the test D. Scored more than one standard deviation above the mean of the test E. Has 125 units of intelligence as operationalized by the test
D
43.Which of the following psychometric properties is used to assess the extent to which the items on an intelligence test measure a person's intelligence? A. Internal consistency B. Split-half reliability C. Standardization D. Construct-validity E. Predictive-validity
D
48.Mohammed is trying to develop a test that will predict how great someone's potential is to be a prizefighter. This type of test would be best described as a(n) (A) power test (B) speed test (C) achievement test (D) aptitude test (E) individual test
D
6.The Psychology Aptitude Test (PAT) was administered to incoming college psychology majors. The scores were later compared to their performance in the introductory psychology course, and high scores on the PAT were related to high grades in the course. Therefore, the PAT has A. Adequate standardization B. Internal consistency C. Face validity D. Predictive validity E. Content validity
D
13. The personality test that is based on the writings of Carl Jung is the a. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality- Inventory. b. Draw-A-Person test. c. Rorschach inkblot test. d. Thematic Apperception Test. e. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
E
14. In the early twentieth century, French psychologists led by Alfred Binet developed the first test for intelligence to be given to French school children for the purpose of a. selecting the most capable to be trained as future leaders. b. identifying those who might be wasting their talents and not taking school seriously. c. testing whether French teachers merited higher pay. d. evaluating the quality of French schools. e. Finding children who were struggling academically.
E
23. All of the following are projective assessment techniques EXCEPT (A) sentence-completion tests (B) inkblot tests (C) drawing tests (D) the Thematic Apperception Test (E) the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
E
26. A standardized test must have all of the following EXCEPT A. criteria for scoring B. norms C. uniform instructions D. reliability E. multiple-choice questions
E
28. In which of the following types of research are the same children tested periodically at different points in their development? A. Clinical case study B. Between subjects C. Cross -sectional D. Ethnographic E. Longitudinal
E
44. Which of the following is evidence of the reliability of a new intelligence test? A) A correlation of +0.90 exists between scores on the new test and scores on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. B) The test predicts students' ability to succeed in college. C) The correlation between scores for identical twins taking the test is +0.90. D) Baseline data for test norming are obtained from a diverse sample of several thousand participants. E) The correlation between scores of participants who take two forms of the test is +0.90.
E
