AP Psych: Unit 3 Quizzes
If a professor accused you of cheating on a test, your adrenal glands would probably release _____ into your bloodstream. A: epinephrine B: endorphins C: acetylcholine D: insulin E: seratonin
a
Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell? A: thalamus B: hippocampus C: amygdala D: medulla E: pons
a
Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into A: sensory neurons B: interneurons C: the bloodstream D: dendrites E: synaptic gaps
c
For you to be able to run, _____ must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles A: the autonomic nervous system B: interneurons C: agonists D: motor neurons E: sensory neurons
d
The speed at which impulse travels is increased when the axon is encased by a(n) A: pituitary gland B: synaptic vesicle C: sympathetic nerve D: myelin sheath E: endocrine gland
d
An undersupply of the major inhibitory neurotransmitter known as _____ is linked to seizures A: dopamine B: serotonin C: ACh D: glutamate E: GABA
e
Transferring messages from a motor neuron to a leg muscle requires A: insulin B: dopamine C: epinephrine D: endorphin E: acetylcholine
e
Chromosomes are composed of... A: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) B: neurotransmitters C: hormones D: nuclei E: synapses
a
Ellen volunteers during her AP psychology class to try to balance a yardstick on her two fingers. While her eyes are open, she finds the task quite easy. However, when she closes her eyes, she finds the same task impossible. Which brain region relies on visual information in coordinating our voluntary movements? A: cerebellum B: hypothalamus C: reticular formation D: thalamus E: amygdala
a
Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to be criticized for A: providing hindsight explanations for human behaviors B: failing to consider unconscious motivations C: overemphasizing humans' capacity to learn and adapt to a variety of environments D: underestimating gender differences in mate selection E: overestimating cultural differences in human sexual behaviors
a
For you to be able to run, _____ must relay messages from your central nervous system to your leg muscles A: motor neurons B: the autonomic nervous system C: interneurons D: sensory neurons E: agonsits
a
Hormones are the chemical messengers of the A: endocrine system B: peripheral nervous system C: autonomic nervous system D: central nervous system E: action potential
a
Males in their _____ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather than several years younger than themselves A: teens B: twenties C: thirties D: forties E: fifties
a
Motor neurons are an important part of the... A: peripheral nervous system B: limbic system C: motor cortex D: reticular formation E: brainstem
a
Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as... A: endorphins B: acetylcholine C: dopamine D: epinephrine E: serotonin
a
Schizophrenia is most closely linked with excess receptor activity for the neurotransmitter A: dopamine B: acetylcholine C: serotonin D: epinephrine E: GABA
a
The complete set of genetic instructions in an organism's chromosomes is called the... A: genome B: zygote C: schema D: DNA molecule E: heritability index
a
The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the A: threshold B: synapse C: action potential D: refractory period E: reflex
a
The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as your mother is... A: an association area B: Wernicke's area C: the limbic system D: the angular gyrus E: Broca's area
a
Thirty-two year old Tiny Timmy is less than 4 feet tall. His short stature is probably influenced by the lack of a growth hormone produced by which gland? A: Pituitary B: Pancreas C: Thyroid Gland D: Adrenal Glands E: Gonads
a
A brain lesion refers to _____ of brain tissue? A: radioactive bombardement B: destruction C: x-ray photography D: developmental E: electrical stimulation
b
According to opinion polls, how do scientists and nonscientists react differently to the idea of evolution? A: Scientists are mostly (66%) agreed that evolution is a valid theory, and most nonscientists believe evolution describes the natural world well B: There is widespread consensus among scientists that evolution is a scientific fact, but half of US adults do not believe in evolution C: Most "hard" scientists, like physicists and chemists, think that evolutionary theory is unnecessarily complex, and most nonscientists agree D: Scientists and most nonscientists agree that evolutionary theory describes animal development well, but not human development E: Belief in evolutionary theory is split along religious lines among scientists and nonscientists
b
Addictive drug cravings are likely to be associated with reward centers in the... A: reticular formation B: limbic system C: angular gyrus D: thalamus E: cerebellum
b
Adopted children are more likely to demonstrate levels of agreeableness and extraversion, more similar to that of their biological parents than their adoptive parents. This finding suggests that personality traits are more strongly influenced by A: genes than heredity B: genes than by the home environment C: nature than by nurture D: environmental relatives than by genetic relatives E: home environment than by genes
b
Adoptive parents are most likely to influence the _____ of their adopted children A: adult height B: political attitudes C: adult weight D: extraversion E: personality
b
An African butterfly that is green in the summer turns brown in the fall thanks to a temperature-controlled genetic switch. This best illustrates that genes are A: DNA B: self-regulating C: chromosomes D: protein molecules E: evolving
b
An evolutionary psychologist would be likely to suggest that human preferences for sweet-tasting foods A: have hindered human reproduction B: are genetically predisposed C: correlate to climate conditions D: vary widely across cultures E: are not passed genetically to children
b
Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it underestimates the A: impact of genetic predispositions on human sexual behavior B: impact of cultural expectations on human sexual behavior C: variety of traits that contribute to reproductively successful behaviors D: extent to which certain gender differences in sexual behavior are common to all cultures E: number of human traits influenced by genetics
b
Dmitry Belyaev and Lyudmila Trut successfully domesticated wild foxes by means of A: heritability B: selective mating C: gene splicing D: hormone injections E: training
b
Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted... A: collectivism B: reproductive success C: personal happiness D: cultural diversity E: individualism
b
Identical twins separated at birth would be most likely to have similar A: norms B: personality C: political ideas D: food preferences E: religious beliefs
b
If Professor Kosiba lesions the amygdala of a laboratory rat, the rat will most likely become... A: aphasic B: less aggressive C: sexually aroused D: hungry E: physically uncoordinated
b
If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of: A: neural prosthetics B: brain plasticity C: aphasia D: hemispheric speculation E: integrated association areas
b
A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. his best illustrates the consequence of... A: hemispherectomy B: tomography C: brain plasticity D: aphasia E: lateralization
c
A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time, a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to... A: communicate that she saw a picture of a boy with a dog B: use her left hand to point to a picture of a boy C: verbally report that she saw a boy D: use her left hand to point to a picture of a dog E: verbally report that she saw a dog
c
Which of the following techniques would surgeons use in mapping the areas of the brain responsible for specific activities, such as movement or speech? A: computer tomography (CT) B: lesion C: positron emission tomography (PET) D: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) E: electroencephalogram (EEG)
c
While you're hiking in the mountains, a rattlesnake slithers across your trail. Which of the following triggers the "fight-or-flight" response, increasing your heart rate and blood pressure, as you run away? A: motor cortex B: parasympathetic nervous system C: sympathetic nervous system D: somatic nervous system E: limbic system
c
Although identical twins have been shown to have some amazing psychological similarities, one should be cautious about attributing these similarities to genetic factors because... A: most twin studies have not been replicated or validated B: the twins may have been raised in completely different environments C: genetic factors influence physical, not psychological characteristics D: any two strangers are likely to share a string of coincidental similarities E: many fraternal twins have been shown to be psychologically different from each other
d
Alzheimer's disease is most closely linked to the deterioration of neurons that produce A: glutamate B: dopamine C: endorphins D: acetylcholine E: epinephrine
d
Brittla frequents only the most expensive clubs in an effort to attract a desirable mate. According to evolutionary psychologists, Brittla's behavior is a product of A: mutation B: behaviorism C: her upbringing D: genetic predispositions E: social pressure
d
Compared with women, men are _____ likely to sacrifice to gain sex and _____ likely to perceive warm responses as a sexual come-on A: less; more B: more; less C: not; less D: more; more E: not; more
d
DNA is a complex A: neuron B: action potential C: synapse D: molecule E: sex hormone
d
In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosion drove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which region of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior? A: Broca's area B: temporal lobes C: sensory cortex D: frontal lobes E: parietal lobes
d
In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce Tamiko's ability to... A: solve arithmetic problems B: understand simple verbal requests C: control his aggression D: facially express emotions E: process information in an orderly sequence
d
Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the... A: reticular formation B: angular gyrus C: medulla D: corpus callosum E: limbic system
d
Molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and block that neurotransmitter's effects are called what? A: endocrines B: action potentials C: agonists D: antagonists E: endorphins
d
Nerve cells in the brain recieve life-supporting nutrients and insulating myelin from: A: neurotransmitters B: motor neurons C: sensory neurons D: glial cells E: hormones
d
Professor Archibald suggests that en are more likely than women to initiate recreational sex because this has historically served to be a more successful reproductive strategy for men than for women. The professor's suggestion best illustrates a(n) _____ theory A: social leaning B: behaviorist C: Freudian D: evolutionary E: cognitive
d
Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE∙ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients said they saw... A: HEART B: HE C: EA D: ART E: nothing. They were unable to complete the task
d
Put the following terms in order, from smallest to largest. A: DNA, genes, chromosomes B: chromosomes, genes, DNA C: DNA, chromosomes, genes D: genes, DNA, chromosomes E: genes, chromosomes, DNA
d
The master gland of the endocrine system is the... A: pancreas B: thyroid gland C: hypothalamus D: pituitary gland E: adrenal gland
d
Thinking about sex (in your brain's cerebral cortex) can stimulate a region of the limbic system to secrete hormones. These hormones trigger the pituitary gland to influence hormones released by other glands in the body. Which brain region influences the endocrine system? A: amygdala B: reticular formation C: hippocampus D: hypothalamus E: thalamus
d
To trigger a person's hand to make a fist, José Delgado stimulated the individual's... A: hypothalamus B: sensory cortex C: limbic system D: motor cortex E: reticular formation
d
Psychical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote... A: hemispherectomy B: reward deficiency syndrome C: plasticity D: phrenology E: neurogenesis
e
Psychoactive drugs interfere with normal neural transmission. Where does this interference take place? A: cell body B: axon C: myelin sheath D: hormones E: synapse
e
The selective permeability of a neural membrane creates a(n) A: reputake B: dendrite C: neural network D: myelin sheath E: resting potential
e
Which region of the brain will a fMRI show as active when a person is looking at a photo? A: association areas B: frontal lobes C: parietal lobes D: temporal lobes E: occipital lobes
e
Which statement best reflects current psychology's understanding of the relationship between nature and nurture? A: nature versus nurture B: nature or nurture C: nature alone D: nurture alone E: nature via nurture
e
The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to newest is: A: brainstem; limbic system; cerebral cortex B: cerebral cortex; brainstem; limbic system C: brainstem; cerebral cortex; limbic system D: limbic system; cerebral cortex; brainstem E: limbic system; brainstem; cerebral cortex
a
To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n) A: fMRI B: hemispherectomy C: brain lesion D: MRI E: ACh agonist
a
Who are likely to show the greatest similarity in personality? A: Ruth and Ramona, identical twins B: Philip and Paula, fraternal twins C: Larry and Laura, brother and sister D: Vincent Sr. and Vincent Jr., father and son E: Elizabeth and Betsy, mother and daughter
a
Molecules that are similar enough to a neurotransmitter to bind to its receptor sites on a dendrite and block that neurotransmitter's effects are called what? A: agonists B: antagonists C: action potentials D: endorphins E: endocrines
b
Neurotransmitters are released from vesicles located on knoblike terminals at the end of the... A: cell body B: axon C: myelin sheath D: synapse E: dendrites
b
Research suggests that young men prefer older women, mid-twenties men prefer women their own age, and older men prefer younger women. Based on this finding, evolutionary psychologists suggest that men A: view sex as being more relational B: are attracted to women with peak fertility C: prefer mates who are interested in long-term relationships D: have a higher threshold for perceiving warm responses as sexual E: are less concerned with sending their genes into the future
b
The function of dendrites is to A: transmit signals to other neurons B: recieve incoming signals from other neurons C: release neurotransmitters into the spatial junctions between neurons D: coordinate the activation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems E: control pain through the release of opiate-like chemicals into the brian
b
The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron can produce a(n) A: myelin sheath B: action potential C: synapse D: interneuron E: neurotransmitters
b
Which brain structure receives information from all the senses except smell? A: hippocampus B: thalamus C: amygdala D: pons E: medulla
b
Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories? A: cerebellum B: hippocampus C: medulla D: hypothalamus E: thalamus
b
While mapping the motor cortex, researchers Foerster and Penfield found that: A: damage to a specific area in the left frontal lobe disrupted speech ability B: body areas requiring the greatest control occupied the greatest amount of cortical space C: our brain processes most information out of our awareness D: although the mind's subsystems are localized in specific brain regions, the brain acts like a unified whole E: if one part of the brain is damaged, the brain will compensate by putting other areas to work
b
Who believed that bumps on the skull reveal mental abilities and character traits? A: Stephen Kasslyn B: Franz Gall C: Solomon Snyder D: Sir Charles Sherrington E: Franz Kafka
b
According to evolutionary psychologists, our predisposition to over consume fatty junk foods illustrates that we are biologically prepared to behave in ways that promoted that _____ of our ancestors A: intelligence B: neuroticism C: reproductive success D: heredity E: mutation
c
Fraternal twins originate from the fertilization of... A: two egg cells by a single sperm cell B: a single egg cell by two sperm cells C: two egg cells by two sperm cells D: a divided egg cell and one sperm cell E: a single egg cell by a single sperm cell
c
How do evolutionary psychologists explain why pregnant women from cultures across the world tend to avoid bitter, strongly flavored foods? A: Most cultures educate women about the dangers of certain foods on a developing fetus B: Women and men have genetic differences in taste preferences C: Bitter tastes can be an indication of foods toxic toward a developing baby, so this preference developed through natural selection D: Pregnant women tend to associate with one another and they acquire similar food preferences through social conformity E: Historical preferences toward or against certain tastes tend to change as cultures change
c
How do sleep researchers record how active our brains are during sleep? A: PET B: fMRI C: EEG D: MRI E: Phrenology
c
Mamie is terrified of spiders. She tells her best friend, "Everybody in my family is afraid of spiders, so it must be genetic." Using the biopsychosocial approach to understanding her behavior, Mamie should... A: reduce her experiences with spiders to her immediate sensations and feelings B: focus on possible unconscious motivations for her fears C: examine additional psychological and social-cultural influences on fear D: examine how fear is adaptive and has contributed to her ancestors' survival E: explore how her perceptions affect her fear of spiders
c
People have always responded so positively to Alyssa's good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates... A: the impact of personality on gender identity B: that ideas about gender and social roles are complementary C: the interaction of nature and nurture D: the reciprocal of norms and roles E: the importance of nature rather than nurture
c
Schizophrenia is most clearly linked with excess receptor for the neurotransmitter A: serotonin B: GABA C: dopamine D: epinephrine E: acetylcholine
c
Sleep researchers who are interested in brain wave activity are likely linked to use which kind of brain scan? A: CT B: PET C: EEG D: MRI E: fMRI
c
The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in... A: people free of any disease or brain damage B: adults with aphasia C: children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed D: individualism with Alzheimer's disease E: people paralyzed by a severed spinal cord
c
The home environment most clearly has a greater influence on children's _____ than on their _____ A: personality; political attitudes B: extraversion; table manners C: religious beliefs; personality traits D: DNA; genes E: shyness; social group
c
The movement of positively charged ions across the membrane of a neuron can produce a(n) A: neurotransmittes B: myelin sheath C: action potential D: synapse E: interneuron
c
When Stoyka was a child, a brain disease required the surgical removal of her left cerebral hemisphere. Stoyka is now a successful high school student who lives a normal life. Her success best illustrates the importance of... A: phrenology B: aphasia C: plasticity D: reputake E: tomography
c
When the "Jim twins," identical twins separated at birth, were reunited 38 years later, surprising similarities were discovered. Although they had married women of the same name, named their sons and dogs the same names, one should be cautious before attributing these similarities to genetic factors because... A: the Jim twins were raised in completely different environments B: many fraternal twins show greater psychological differences C: any two strangers are likely to share coincidental similarities D: genes influence physical not psychological characteristics E: most twin studies have not been replicated
c
Which neural center in the limbic system plays a central role in emotions such as aggression and fear? A: medulla B: thalamus C: amygdala D: cerebellum E: dendrite
c
Evolutionary psychologists have suggested that women prefer monogamy and men prefer promiscuity in ensuring the survival of their genetic material. However, monogamous relationships can also be explained using an evolutionary perspective. This best illustrates which of the following criticisms of evolutionary psychology? A: evolutionary psychology justifies traditional sexist attitudes B: evolutionary psychology undercuts moral responsibility for human behavior C: evolutionary psychology is based on a fatal flaw; just because a trait exists it doesn't mean it is adaptive D: evolutionary psychology works backwards to propose an explanation; thus, any behavior can be explained E: evolutionary psychology assumes that human behavior has been stable long enough for it to evolve
d
How do evolutionary psychologists explain why pregnant women from cultures across the world tend to avoid bitter, strongly flavored foods A: Women and men have genetic differences in taste preferences B: Historical preferences toward or against certain tastes tend to change as cultures change C: Most cultures educate women about the dangers of certain foods on a developing fetus D: Bitter tastes can be an indication of foods toxic toward a developing baby, so this preference developed through natural selection E: Pregnant women tend to associate with one another and they acquire similar food preferences through social conformity
d
Identical twins originate from the fertilization of... A: two egg cells by a single sperm cell B: either two egg cells or two sperm cells C: two egg cells by two sperm cells D: a single egg cell by a single sperm cell E: a single egg cell by two sperm cells
d
If primed with the flashed word "foot", the _____ will be especially quick to recognize the word "heel". If primed with "foot", "cry", and "glass", the _____ will be especially quick to recognize the word "cut" A: left hemisphere; left hemisphere B: right hemisphere; left hemisphere C: cerebellum; brainstem D: left hemisphere; right hemisphere E: sensory cortex; speech cortex
d
Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce A: aphasia B: reward deficiency syndrome C: depression D: epileptic seizures E: neural plasticity
d
Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce A: neural plasticity B: reward deficiency syndrome C: aphasia D: epileptic seizures E: depression
d
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that travel across the A: threshold B: axon C: cell body D: synaptic gap E: myelin sheath
d
Our lips are more sensitive than our knees to sensations of touch due to which of the following? A: The medulla routes impulses from the lips directly to our brainstem B: The dendrites connected to the lips are especially sensitive C: Our lips are directly connected to the sensory cortex, but our knees are not D: A larger area of the sensory cortex is associated with our lips E: More neurotransmitters and released when the lips are touched
d
Which of the following structures in the brainstem helps coordinate movements and lies above the medulla? A: hypothalamus B: thalamus C: reticular formation D: pons E: hippocampus
d
Women are most likely to be sexually attracted to men who seem A: shy and reserved B: emotionally reactive and intense C: interested in recreational sex D: mature and affluent E: extraverted and dependent
d
Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to A: become sexually preoccupied B: experience convulsive seizures C: become violently aggressive D: cower in fear E: lapse into a coma
e
Split-brain patients have had their _____ surgically cut. A: limbic system B: reticular formation C: sensory cortex D: hippocampus E: corpus callosum
e
The ability to recognize faces with the right hemisphere but not with the left hemisphere best illustrates... A: plasticity B: aphasia C: neurogenesis D: Parkinson's disease E: lateralization
e
The parietal lobes are to _____ as the occipital lobes are to_____. A: speaking; seeing B: tasting; smelling C: hearing; speaking D: sensing pleasure; sensing pain E: sensing touch; seeing
e
The somatic nervous system is a component of the _____ nervous system A: sympathetic B: central C: parasympathetic D: autonomic E: peripheral
e
The spatial junctions where impulses are chemically transmitted from one neuron to another are called A: axons B: neural networks C: thresholds D: neurotransmitters E: synapses
e
When people discuss the "nature vs. nurture" controversy, Nature refers to _____ and Nurture refers to _____. A: DNA; hormones B: genes; heredity C: chromosomes; genetics D: thinking; behavior E: biology; environment
e
Which of the following fictional research findings is the best evidence against the idea that "biology is destiny"? A: Early humans gradually developed aversions to bitter-tasting foods because many poisons were bitter B: Testosterone levels are associated with incarceration rates C: Women have larger and more active brain structures than men D: Babies are born with the ability to turn away from frightening stimuli E: Cognitive therapy can help people change unwanted personality traits
e