AP Psych Unit 3b
The region of your cerebral cortex that enables you to recognize a person as your own mother is
An association area
Which brain area is primarily involved with reading aloud?
Angular gyrus
Someone who has difficulty speaking after a stroke is suffering from which of the following?
Aphasia
While mapping the motor cortex, researchers Foerster and Penfield found that
Body areas requiring the greatest control occupied the greatest amount of cortical space
A person whose hand had been amputated actually felt sensations on his nonexistent fingers when his face was stroked. This best illustrates the consequences of
Brain plasticity
If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands as the sense of touch invades the visual cortex. This is an example of
Brain plasticity
In which brain structure are nerves from the left side of the brain routed to the right side of the body?
Brainstem
The medulla is to the control of ____ as the cerebellum is to the control of ____
Breathing/walking
Which brain area is primarily involved with controlling speech?
Broca's Area
The "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem is called the
Cerebellum
The association areas are located in the
Cerebral cortex
What is the interdisciplinary study of how brain activity is linked with our mental processes called?
Cognitive neuroscientist
Which kind of psychological researcher would be most interested in the research question, " Do people who lose most of their cerebral cortex in an accident still exhibit signs of consciousness?"
Cognitive neuroscientist
Someone skilled at word processing thinks several letters ahead while typing, whereas a beginner must focus on one letter at a time. A novice is most likely using ___ to complete the task.
Conscious serial processing
Teaching a patient to regain the use of an impaired limb by limiting his or her use of the good limb is called
Constraint-induced therapy
Split-brain patients have had their ________ surgically cut.
Corpus Callosum
Information is most quickly transmitted from one cerebral hemisphere to the other by the
Corpus callosum
Animal research has revealed a general reward system that triggers the release of the neurotransmitter
Dopamine
In a recent car accident, Tamiko sustained damage to his right cerebral hemisphere. This injury is most likely to reduce Tamiko's ability to
Facially express emotions
In 1848, Phineas Gage, a railroad construction foreman, survived when an explosiondrove an iron rod through his head. The once friendly, soft-spoken Gage became irritable and dishonest. Gage's case provided evidence that which regions of the brain plays a role in personality and behavior?
Frontal lobes
Psychologist Michael Gazzaniga asked split-brain patients to stare at a dot as he flashed HE·ART on a screen. HE appeared in the left visual field, ART in the right. When asked, patients said they saw
HE
Which of the following is the component of the limbic system that plays an essential role in the processing of new memories?
Hippocampus
The secretions of the pituitary gland are most directly regulated by the
Hypothalamus
Thinking about sex can stimulate a region of the limbic system to secrete hormones. These hormones trigger the pituitary gland to influence hormones released by other glands in the body. Which brain region influences the endocrine system?
Hypothalamus
Severing a cat's reticular formation from higher brain regions causes the cat to
Lapse into a coma
The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left side of the brain is called
Lateralization
Someone trying to add a long series of three digit numbers is probably experiencing increased brain waves and bloodflow to which brain structure?
Left hemisphere
Surgical destruction of brain tissue is called a(n)
Lesion
The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n)
MRI
Physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote
Neurogenesis
After Kato's serious motorcycle accident, doctors detected damage to his cerebellum. Kato is most likely to have difficulty
Playing his guitar
Which of the following techniques would surgeons use in mapping the areas of the brain responsible for specific activities, such as movement or speech?
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Deaf people who use sign language typically
Process language in their left cerebral hemisphere.
One function of the glial cells is to
Provide nutrients to interneurons
A picture of a cat is briefly flashed in the left visual field and a picture of a mouse is briefly flashed in the right visual field of a split-brain patient. The individual will be able to use her
Right hand to indicate she saw a mouse
Which brain structure might me most active when answering the question "What do the following words have in common: plane, butter, insect?"
Right hemisphere
French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggests that the
Right hemisphere of her brain was damaged
The parietal lobes are to ___ as the occipital lobes are to___
Sensing touch/seeing
Research into dual processing provides partial evidence for levels of consciousness similar to the levels first described by which psychologist?
Sigmund Freud
When the cat's amygdala is electrically stimulated the cat prepares to attack by hissing and arching its back. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by such stimulation?
Sympathetic
The auditory hallucinations experienced by people with schizophrenia are most closely linked with the activation of areas in which brain area?
Temporal lobes
Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your
Thalamus
Researchers use dichotic listening tasks to investigate right-left differences in an intact brain. In this task a different verbal stimulus is presented simultaneously to each ear. Findings suggest that participants more quickly recall info heard by the right ear. This suggests that...
The left hemisphere is dominant in language processing
A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to
Verbally report that she saw a boy
The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of
Visual perception
Which brain area is primarily involved with understanding and producing meaningful speech?
Wernicke's Area
When asked to describe a picture that showed two boys stealing cookies behind a woman's back, a patient replied, "Mother is away her working her work to get her better, but when she's looking the two boys looking the other part." Which brain region has most likely been damaged?
Wernike's area
In creating more effective treatments for pain, researchers would use which of the following techniques for identifying regions of the brain that handle pain?
functional MRI (fMRI)
Research on left-handedness suggests that
genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness
Consciousness is
our awareness of ourselves and our environment