AP Psychology Chapter 3

Beth received a hemispherectomy to treat a seizure disorder when she was two years old. However, by the time she was five years old, her cognitive abilities were the same as those of a neurotypical five year old. Which if the following best explains her abilities?

Neuroplasticity

Damage to the Broca's area in the left cerebral hemisphere on the brain would likely result in which of the following?

A loss of the ability to speak

Significant damage to which of the following parts of the brain will most likely cause a person to fall into a deep coma from which the person will be unable to awaken?

Reticular Formation

The depletion of which of the following neurotransmitters is most closely associated with the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?

Acetylcholine

The explanation that holds that dreams are merely the brain's attempt to make sense of meaningless patters of brain activity during sleep is called the

Activation- synthesis theory

Damage to which of the following brain structures may cause the inability to detect the emotional significance of facial expressions, especially those demonstrating fear?

Amygdala

Which of the following provides information regarding brain function by monitoring the brain at work through metabolism of glucose?

PET Scan

All of the following brain areas are associates with the experience of emotion EXCEPT the

Pons

Which of the following brain regions is indicated by the arrow?

Pons

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system results in which of the following?

A decrease in heart rate

A neuron sends a signal along its

Axon

In a study mimicking Roger Sperry's work, Dr. Kornhauser compared the responses of a split-brain patients against a control group of neurotically participants. In his study, participants focused on a dot in the center of a computer screen and objects are presented in either the left or the right visual field. After seeing the object, the participants names the object. The results of the experiment are presented below. What is the most appropriate conclusion Dr. Kornhauser can draw from the results?

Because the connection between the right visual cortex and language center has been severed, split-brain patients are not able to retrieve the name of objects seen in the left visual field.

The medulla oblongata is part of the

Brainstem

Veronica is having trouble balancing as she walks, and her muscles seem to have lost strength and tone. A neuroanatomist looking into her condition would most likely suspect a problem with Veronica's

Cerebellum

Which of the following allows the examination of living brain tissue visually without performing surgery?

Computerized axial tomography

Which hormone is released when a person is under stress?

Coritsol

The autonomic nervous system is most directly involved in

Digesting food

Treating a patient for Parkinson's disease includes administering a chemical that will need to increases in the patient's

Dopamine

Carl Wernicke discovered the region of the brain that is responsible for

Language comprehension

The fatty casing that helps speed up the neural transmission of a neuron is called the

Myelin sheath

Michael Gazzaniga is best known for

Studying split-brain patients

The parietal lobe is most involved in

coordinating complex motor movements

The hormone most associated with the fight or flight response is

epinephrine

In the neuron, the main function of the dendrites is to

receive input from other neurons

The part of the neuron that is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons is called

A dendrite

A drug that has the effect of intensifying or mimicking a particular neurotransmitter can be characterized as

An agonist, because it intensifies the effects of a particular neurotransmitter

A phenotype is best defined as

An observable trait or behavior that results from a particular genetic combination

A person will most likely develop aphasia as a result of damage to which of the following parts of the brain?

Auditory cortex

A participant in a study of music perception listens to music with electrodes attached to her scalp while data are collected on the activity of her brain. This technique is called

EEG

Which of the following systems produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones in the body

Endocine system

in extreme cases, surgically severing the corpus callosum is a treatment for which of the following conditions?

Epilepsy

A person whose body is not producing enough testosterone is most likely to exhibit

Fatigue

A person with a severe head injury subsequently acts irresponsibly, does not seem to be able to plan effectively, and is easy to anger. Which of the following brain areas is most likely injured?

Frontal lobe

Which of the following neurotransmitters is generally associated with the inhibition of continuing neural signal?

GABA

The brain scans of people with amnesia are most likely to show damage to the

Hippocampus

John is constantly overeating and can't seem to control his appetite, no matter how hard her tries. It is possible that John may have damage to which of the following brain structures?

Hypothalamus

Sleep paralysis typically occurs in people who are

In REM sleep

Which of the following best describes a major role in the thalamus?

It relays most sensory signals to the cortex

The network of structures involved in emotion, motivation, and memory is the

Limbic system

The area of the brain stem that is important in controlling breathing

Medulla

In the figure above, a patient has been asked to draw a slash through each circle. The pattern of responses suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas?

Right hemisphere

What is the primary function of the brain region indicated by the arrow?

Sleeping, waking, and dreaming

The division of the nervous system that most directly allows voluntary muscle movement is the

Somatic

Ben was enjoying a walk in the woods on a beautiful Saturday afternoon. As he went around a curve, he noticed a bear walking toward him. Immediately his pupils dilated, he began to perspire, and his heart accelerated. These changes are most closely related to the function of the

Sympathetic nervous system

The phenomenon of declining physiological effects of taking a drug after sustained use of referred to as

Tolerance