AP Psychology Unit 14
door-in-the-face phenomenon
Where you start off big and go small to get the amount you actually wanted
Equity
a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give. An example of this would be a couple sharing household chores helps lead to a successful marriage
altruism
a person will risk his or her own health or well being to help another. Unselfish regard for the welfare of others
confromity
adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. You don't want to be the odd one out so you try to be like the group. Solom Asch study
reciprocity norm
an expectation that people will help, no hurt, those who have helped them. Do for others what others have done for us
norm
an understood rule for acceptance and expected behavior. People in other countries may kiss each other on the lips or the check to say hello to them
central route persuasion
attitude change path in which interest people, focuses on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts
peripheral route persuasion
attitude in which people are influenced by incidental cues such as a speakers attractiveness
attitudes
feelings, often influenced by out beliefs, that predispose us to respond in particular way to objects, people, and events
blame-the-victim
hold individuals responsible for their own misfortune
chameleon effect
if one student in the classroom begins to cough other students will likely start to do it as well. People copying other peoples expressions, mannerism, postures, accents, voice tones. Think of a little kid copying their parent
normative social influence
influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
information social infuence
influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality
obedience
involves changing one's behavior in response to a demand from an authority figure. Milgrims shocking experience would be an example of this. He would have one person direct another person to shock a person each time they got something wrong and to raise the voltages to see how long they would continue shocking the other person
Deindividuation
loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in a group situation, which fosters arousal
mirror-image perception
mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees themselves as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive
proximity
people are more likely to be attracted to those who live near them and with whom they have repeated contact with.
mere exposure effect
repeated contact with a new stimulus leads to increased liking
superordinate goals
shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
social faciliation
stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others. Doing better in a basketball game when you know someone important is watching you. Has to do with crowding effect, it increases your performance
Group polarization
the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. For an example a group of conservative voters gather together to discuss politics, their overall opinion will become more conservative
social- responsibility norm
the expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. We should help others in need
Groupthink
the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision
frustration-aggression principle
the principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which generates aggression
social psychology
the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
social loafing
the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable.
Just World phenomenon
the tendency for people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what hey deserve and deserve what they get
The foot-in-the-door phenomenon
the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a large request. "Start small and build". For an example saying you need 10 dollars for food but then saying you might get popcorn and a drink so you end up with 20 dollars
fundamental attribution theory
the tendency of observers, when analyzing another's impact of the situation and overestimate the impact of personal disposition. For an example yelling at the car in front of you without knowing the situation of the driver
other-race effect
the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than other races. Gary Wells
social exchange theory
the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize our benefits. Exchange help for happiness
cognitive dissonance theory
the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of out thoughts are inconsistent--we change our attitudes
attribution theory
the theory that we explain someones behavior by crediting either the situation or the persons disposition
scapegoat theory
theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Targeting people becomes prejudice and discrimination
minority influence
when one or two people influence many
