AP Psychology unit 5 memory and cognition

During English class, Caleb is worried about an unfinished history project he needs to turn in later in the day. While the English teacher and other students discuss a short story the class just read, Caleb's attention is focused on how to finish the history project. The next day he is unable to recall the short story details presented in English class. The recall problem is most likely due to

D. Encoding failure

Memories of well-learned skills, such as riding a bicycle, are classified as

D. Procedural

Mary is introduced to three new people at a party. Later, however, she cannot remember the names of any of her new acquaintances, even though she remembers what she ate, her old friends who were there, and the address of the host. What may account for Mary's inability to remember these individuals' names?

D. She never encoded the names into long-term memory

A prototype is best defined as

D. The hypothetical "most typical" instance of a category

Maeve wants to change her college major but has decided not to because she is close to finishing. She believes that the time she has spent in her current program will be wasted if she changes now. Maeve is experiencing

D. The sunk-cost fallacy

Initially, intelligence quotients were calculated on the basis of a person's mental and chronological ages. Using that approach, a person with a mental age of 12 and an intelligence score of 120 would have a chronological age of

A. 10

A 40-year-old man and his 7-year-old son move to a country where they have to learn a new language. Compared to his son, the 40-year-old man will

A. Have more difficulty learning to produce phenomes that do not exist in his native language

A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is

A. Limited in capacity

Which of the following occurs during long-term potentiation?

A. Memory improves because neural pathways are strengthened

A young child says "Where did you goed"? Which of the following psychologists would most likely argue that the child is over regularizing a logical grammatical rule?

A. Noam Chomsky

The cerebellum is most directly involved in

motor learning

The test that measures a student's potential ability is

B. An aptitude test

Which of the following activities relies on the hippocampus?

B. Memorizing the layout of a neighborhood

A word or part of a word that is in itself meaningful, but cannot be broken into smaller meaningful units is called a

B. Morphene

Jim has seen reports of a number of cases of Ebola on the news. He is more afraid of contracting Ebola than tuberculosis, even though the risk of infection of tuberculosis is greater than that of Ebola. Jim's fear would most likely be attributed to

B. The availability heuristic

Hermann Ebbinghaus' research would most likely predict that

C. A student who only studies the night before a test will rapidly forget most of the information studied after the test is over

Which of the following is an example of prelinguistic event?

C. Babbling

Five-year-old Tahani is entering a school where English is the only language spoken, but in her home, her family uses a combination of both English and her family's native language. When she starts school, she takes a test measuring her English language development. Her score is well below that of the other children in her class, most of whom live in homes where only one language is spoken. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for Tahani's test scores?

C. Because Tahani speaks more than one language, her proficiency in each language may come later than her monolingual peers

Which of the following kinda of learning is indicated by the ability to recall a memorized list of unrelated words in reverse order?

C. Serial

Alfred Binet's efforts to measure intelligence were directed at

C. predicting children's success in schools

Mathematics achievement scores from a group of tenth graders are shown above. The distribution is normal with a standard deviation of 10. Approximately what percentage of students scored between 50 and 80?

D. 82%

Raj, a four-year-old child, learned to open the door to a classroom by pulling on the handle. Now whenever he approaches any door he pulls on the handle and is confused when that does not work. This is best explained by Raj's having developed which of the following for door opening?

D. A mental set

After having a stroke resulting from a blockage of blood to the medial temporal lobe, Gerald could not remember new information, such as the books he had just read, new songs he had just heard, or the faces of new people he had just met. Gerald was experiencing

D. Anterograde amnesia

The two sentences "Elena won the race" and "The race was won by Elena" share which of the following structures?

D. Deep